Juniperus. CONIFERJE. Ill 



mountains of western Texas, and through New Mexico and southern 

 Arizona to southern California. 



A small, ?-t im t t-«l tree, (3 to 9 metres in height, with a trunk sometimes 

 0.60 metre in diameter, or often branching from the ground with many 

 stout, contorted stems ; dry, gravelly slopes between 3,500 and 7,000 feet 

 elevation. 



Wood heavier than that of the type, the layers of annual growth often 

 eccentric ; largely used for fuel and fencing. 



A variety (var. conjugens, Engelm.) with slender brauchlets and 4 

 ranked, closely oppressed denticulate leaves and globose 1-2-seeded fruit, 

 extends from the valley of the Colorado River, Texas, west and north. 



A tree 11 to 15 metres in height, with a trunk sometimes 0.30 metre 

 in diameter, covering with extensive forests the limestone hills of western 

 Texas ; its range not yet satisfactorily determined. 



Wood light, hard, not strong, very close-grained, compact, very durable 

 in contact with the soil ; bands of small summer cells thin, dark-colored, 

 conspicuous ; medullary rays numerous, very obscure ; color brown often 

 streaked with red, the thin sap-wood nearly white ; largely used for fencing, 

 fuel, telegraph-poles, railway-ties, etc. 



339. Juniperus Virginiana, L. 

 Red Cedar. Savin. 



Southern New Brunswick, shores of Georgian Bay, northern Michigan, 

 northern Wisconsin and Minnesota, south to Cape Malabar and Tampa 

 Bay, Florida, and the valley of the Colorado River, Texas, west to eastern 

 Nebraska, Kansas, and the Indian Territory to about the one hundredth 

 parallel of west longitude ; in the Pacific region, Rocky Mountains of 

 Colorado to Vancouver's Island, British Columbia; not extending to 

 western Texas, California, or Oregon ; in Utah, Nevada, and Arizona 

 rare and local. 



The most widely distributed of North American Coniferce, a tree 24 

 to 30 metres in height, with a trunk 0.60 to 1.35 metres in diameter, or 

 toward its northern and western limits much smaller, often reduced to a 

 low shrub ; dry, gravelly ridges, and limestone hills, or in the Gulf States, 

 especially, near the coast, in deep swamps ; common and reaching its 

 greatest development in the valley of the Red River, Texas. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, very close- and straight-grained, 

 compact, easily worked, very durable in contact with the soil, odorous ; 

 bands of small summer cells rather broad, conspicuous ; medullary rays 

 numerous, very obscure ; color dull red, the thin sap-wood nearly white ; 

 largely used for posts, sills, railway-ties, interior finish, cabinet-making, 

 and lead-pencils. 



A decoction of the leaves is occasionally used as a substitute for savine 

 cerete, and an infusion of the berries as a diuretic. 



