126 CONIFERS. 



Pinun. 



Louisiana, and the Trinity River, Texas, rarely extending beyond 150 

 miles from the coast. 



A tree 18 to 29 metres in height, with a trunk 0.G0 to 1.20 metres in 

 diameter; dry, sandy loam of the maritime plain; forming extensive 

 forests almost to the exclusion of other species, or toward its extreme 

 interior range, especially in the Gulf States, occupying rolling hills, here 

 mixed with oaks and various deciduous trees ; rarely along the borders of 

 swamps in low, wet soil. 



"W ood heavy, exceedingly hard, very strong, tough, coarse-grained, 

 compact, durable ; bands of small summer cells broad, very resinous, dark- 

 colored ; resin passages few, not conspicuous ; medullary rays numerous, 

 conspicuous ; color light red or orange, the thin sap-wood nearly white; 

 largely manufactured into lumber and used in construction of all sorts, for 

 ship-building, fencing, railway-ties, etc. 



The turpentine, tar, pitch, rosin, and spirits of turpentine manufac- 

 tured in the United States are almost exclusively produced by this 

 species. 



381. Pinus Cubensis, Griseb. 



Slash Pine. Sioamp Pine. Bastard Pine. Meadow Pine. 



South Carolina, south near the coast to the southern keys of Florida, 

 west along the Gulf coast to the valley of the Pearl River. Louisiana, not 

 extending beyond 50 or GO miles inland ; in the AVest Indies. 



A tree 24 to 30 metres in height, with a trunk 0.60 to 0.90 metre in 

 diameter; light, sandy soil along the dunes and marshes of the coast, or 

 wet, clay borders of ponds, abandoned fields, etc., and now rapidly taking 

 possession of ground from which the forests of P. palustris have been 

 removed; the only species of Florida south of Cape Canaveral and Bay 

 Biscayne. 



Wood heavy, exceedingly hard, very strong, tough, coarse-grained, 

 compact, durable; bands of small summer cells very broad and resinous, 

 conspicuous ; resin passages few. not large ; medullary rays numerous, 

 rather prominent; color rich dark orange, the sap-wood lighter, often 

 nearly white; hardly inferior in value to that of P. palustris. although 

 rarely manufactured into lumber. 



Turpentine is occasionally manufactured in southern Florida from 

 this species. 



382. Picea nigra, Link. 



Black Spruce. 



Newfoundland, northern Labrador to TJngava Bay, Xastapokee Sound 

 and Cape Churchill, Hudson Bay, and northwest to the mouth of the 

 Mackenzie River and the eastern elopes of the Rocky Mountains ; south 

 through the Northern States to Pennsylvania, central Michigan, central 



