128 COXIFER.E. Picea. 



region, here forming extensive forests, generally above 8,500 feet eleva- 

 tion ; rare and of small size in the mountains of Washington, Oregon, 

 and Montana. 



Wood very light, soft, not strong, very close, straight-grained, compact, 

 satiny; bands of small summer cells narrow, not conspicuous; resin pas- 

 sages few, minute ; medullary rays numerous, conspicuous ; color pale 

 yellow tinged with red, the sap-wood hardly distinguishable ; in Colorado 

 manufactured into lumber and largely used for fuel, charcoal, etc. 



The bark, rich in tannin, is sometimes used in Utah in tanning 

 leather. 



385. Picea pungens. Engelm. 

 White Spruce. Blue Spruce. 



Valley of the Wind River, south in the mountain ranges of Wyoming, 

 Colorado, and Utah. 



A tree 30 to 46 metres in height, with a trunk 0.G0 to 0.90 metre in 

 diameter; borders of streams, in damp or wet soil, generally between 

 6,000 and 0,000 feet elevation, never forming forests ; rare and local. 



Wood very light, soft, weak, close-grained, compact, satiny ; bands of 

 small summer cells narrow, not conspicuous; resin passages few, small; 

 medullary rays numerous, prominent ; color very light brown or often 

 nearly white, the sap-wood hardly distinguishable. 



386. Picea Sitchensis, Carr. 

 Tide-land Spruce. 



Alaska, south to Mendocino County, California, not extending more 

 than 50 miles inland from the coa~t. 



A large tree of great economic value, 46 to 61 metres in height, with 

 a trunk 2.40 to 5.19 metres in diameter; gravelly ridges and swamps, 

 reaching its greatest development in Washington and Oregon near the 

 mouth of the Columbia River, here forming a belt of nearly continuous 

 forest growth, from 10 to 50 miles in width. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, close, straight-grained, compact, satiny; 

 bands of small summer <vlls narrow, not conspicuous ; resin passages few, 

 obscure; medullary rays numerous, rather prominent ; color light brown 

 tinged with red, the sap-wood nearly white; largely manufactured into 

 lumber and used for construction, interior finish, fencing, boat-building, 

 the dunnage of vessels, cooperage, wooden-ware, etc. 



386(7. Picea speci's. 



Alpine slopes of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon {Thomas Howell, 

 June, 1884) ; probably very rare and local. 



A tree sometimes exceeding 30 metres in height, with a trunk often 1 

 metre in diameter; the botanical characters not yet published; easily dis- 



