Tsuga. 



CONIFERS. 129 



tinguished by its long pendulous branehlets, flat or slightly rounded leaves, 

 and large cones with broad, spreading, very thin, entire scales. 

 Wood not collected. 



387. Tsuga Canadensis, Carr. 

 Hemlock. 



Nova Scotia, southern New Brunswick, valley of the Saint Lawrence 

 River to the shores of Lake Teniiscaming, and southwest to the western 

 borders of northern Wisconsin; south through the Northern States to 

 northern Delaware, southeastern Michigan, central Wisconsin, and along 

 the Alleghany Mountains to northern Alabama. 



A tree 21 to 33 metres in height, with a trunk 0.90 to 1.15 metres in 

 diameter ; dry, rocky ridges, generally facing the north and often forming 

 extensive forests almost to the exclusion of other species, or, less com- 

 monly, borders of swamps in deep, rich soil; most common at the North, 

 and reaching its greatest individual development in the high mountains of 

 North Carolina and Tennessee. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, brittle, coarse, crooked-grained, difficult 

 to work, liable to wind-shake and splinter, not durable ; bands of small 

 summer cells rather broad, conspicuous ; medullary rays numerous, thin ; 

 color light brown tinged with red or often nearly white, the sap-wood 

 somewhat darker ; largely manufactured into coarse lumber and used in 

 construction for outside finish, railway-ties, etc. ; two varieties, red and 

 white, produced apparently under precisely similar conditions of growth, 

 are recognized by lumbermen. 



The bark, rich in tannin, is the principal material used in the North- 

 ern States in tanning leather, and yields a fluid extract sometimes used 

 medicinally as a powerful astringent. 



388. Tsuga Caroliniana, Engelm. 

 Hemlock. 



Southern Alleghany region, North and South Carolina. 



A small tree, 12 to 15 metres in height, with a trunk 0.60 to 0.75 

 metre in diameter ; dry, rocky ridges between 4,000 and 5,000 feet eleva- 

 tion ; rare and local. 



AVood light, soft, not strong, brittle, coarse-grained ; bands of small 

 summer cells narrow, not conspicuous ; medullary rays numerous, thin ; 

 color light brown tinged with red, the sap-wood nearly white. 



389. Tsuga Mertensiana, Carr. 



Hemlock. 



Alaska, south along the islands and coast of British Columbia, and 

 through the Selkirk, Gold, and other interior ranges to the Bitter Root 

 Mountains of Idaho, and the western slopes of the Rocky Mountains of 



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