130 CONIFERS. Tsuga. 



Montana, extending south along the Cascade Mountains to southern Ore- 

 gon and in the Coast Ranges between 1,000 and 4,000 feet elevation, to 

 northern California. 



A large tree, 30 to 61 metres in height, with a trunk 1.20 to 3 metres 

 in diameter ; low, moist bottoms or rocky ridges ; very common and 

 reaching its greatest development in western Oregon and Washington, 

 often forming extensive forests, especial]}' along the western base of the 

 Cascade Mountains. 



Wood light, hard, not strong, rather close-grained ; bands of small 

 summer cells thin, not conspicuous ; medullary rays numerous, promi- 

 nent ; color light brown tinged with yellow, the sap-wood nearly white ; 

 occasionally manufactured into coarse lumber. 



The bark, rich in tannin, is the principal material used on the north- 

 west coast in tanning leather. 



390. Tsuga Pattoniana, Engelm. 



British Columbia, south along the Cascade Mountains and the Califor- 

 nia Sierras to the headwaters of the San Joaquin River, extending east 

 along the high mountains of northern Washington to the western slopes 

 and summits of the Coeur d'Alene and Bitter Root Mountains of Idaho, 

 and to northern Montana. 



An alpine tree, rarely 30 metres in height, with a trunk 1.50 to 2.10 

 metres in diameter ; dry slopes and ridges near the limits of tree growth, 

 ranging from an elevation of 2.700 feet in British Columbia to 10,000 

 feet on the Sierras of central California. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, close-grained, satiny, susceptible of a 

 good polish; bands of small summer cells thin, not conspicuous; medul- 

 lary rays numerous, obscure ; color light brown or red, the sap-wood 

 nearly white. 



391. Pseudotsuga Douglasii, Carr. 



Red Fir. Yellow Fir. Oregon Pine. Douglas Fir. 



Coast Ranges and interior plateau of British Columbia south of lati- 

 tude 5")° N., east to the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains in lati- 

 tude ~>1° N. ; south along the mountain ranges of Washington, Oivl'.ui. 

 the California Coast Ranges, and the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, 

 on the mountain ranges east to Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and the 

 Guadalupe Mountains of Texas; in the Wahsatch and Uintah Moun- 

 tains, the ranges of northern and eastern Arizona; in northern Mexico; 

 not detected in the interior region between the Sierra Nevada and the 

 Wahsatch Mountains, south of the Blue Mountains of Oregon, and north 

 of Arizona. 



A large tree, 61 to 92 metres in height, with a trunk 0.83 to 3.66 

 metres in diameter, or in the Rocky Mountains much smaller, here rarely 



