134 CONIFERiE. Abies. 



Wood light, hard, strong, rather close-grained, compact; bands of 

 small summer cells broad, resinous, dark-colored, conspicuous ; medullary 

 rays thin, hardly distinguishable ; color light brown streaked with red, 

 the sap-wood a little darker. 



400. Abies magninca, Murr. 

 Red Fir. 



California, — Mount Shasta, south along the western slope of the 

 Sierra Nevada to Kern County. 



A large tree, 61 to 76 metres in height, with a trunk 2.40 to 3 metres 

 in diameter, forming about the base of Mount Shasta extensive forests 

 between 4,900 and 8,000 feet elevation ; in the southern sierras less 

 common, here reaching an extreme elevation of 10,000 feet. 



Wood light, soft, not strong, rather close-grained, compact, satiny, 

 durable in contact with the soil, liable to twist and warp in seasoning ; 

 bands of small summer cells broad, resinous, dark-colored, conspicuous ; 

 medullary rays numerous, thin ; color light red, the sap-wood somewhat 

 darker ; largely used for fuel and occasionally manufactured into coarse 

 lumber. 



401. Larix Americana, Michx. 



Larch. Black Larch. Tamarack. Hackmatack. 



Northern Newfoundland and Labrador to the eastern shores of Hudson 

 Bay, Cape Churchill, and northwest to the northern shores of the Great 

 Bear Lake and the valley of the Mackenzie River within the Arctic 

 Circle ; south through the Northern States to northern Pennsylvania, 

 northern Indiana and Illinois, and central Minnesota. 



A tree 24 to 30 metres in height, with a trunk 0.60 to 0.90 metre in 

 diameter ; moist uplands and intervale lands, or, south of the boundary of 

 the United States, in cold, wet swamps, often covering extensive areas, 

 here much smaller and less valuable. 



Wood heavy, hard, very strong, rather coarse-grained, compact, durable 

 in contact with the soil ; bands of small summer cells broad, very resinous, 

 dark-colored, conspicuous; resin passages few, obscure; medullary rays 

 numerous, hardly distinguishable; color light brown, the sap-wood nearly 

 white ; preferred and largely used for the upper knees of vessels, for ship- 

 timbers, fence-posts, telegraph-poles, railway-ties, etc. 



402. Larix occidentalis, Nutt. 

 Tamarack. 



British Columbia, Selkirk and Gold Ranges, south of latitude 53°, south 

 along the eastern slopes of the Cascade Mountains to the Columbia River, 

 through the mountain ranges of northern Washington Territory to the 

 western slopes of the Rocky Mountains of Montana ; Blue Mountains of 

 Washington and Oregon. 



