28 GEOLOGY. 



Kinahan, G. H. Boulder Clay in Ireland. Oeol. Mag. dec. 2, vol. 

 ii. pp. 568, 569. 



No Boulder Clay rests on the Middle Sands and Gravels in Ireland ; 

 where sand occurs below a Boulder Clay it is of an age prior to the 

 accumulation of the Glacial Drift of that country. J. G. G. 



Langtry, G. On the Occurrence of the Middle Lias at Ballycastle. 

 Hep. Brit. Assoc, for 1874, Sections, p. 88. 



The Middle Lias here only occurs in blocks ; it has never been seen 

 in place ; hence the blocks may be transported. The author, however, 

 thinks this is not the case. Notes of fossils are given. W. T. 



Lebour, G. A. On the Limits of the Yoredale Series in the North of 

 England. Geol. Mag. dec. 2, vol. ii. pp. 539-544. 



The term Yoredale Rocks is generally applied to a series of beds 

 lying between the Millstone Grit and the Scar Limestone Series, the 

 dividing line being a bed of basalt known as the Whin Sill. The author 

 shows that this is an intrusive bed, lying at various horizons, and 

 therefore that it is worthless as a boundary-line. There is no natural 

 division between the Yoredales and the beds below ; nor can any line, 

 which may serve as such, be traced through the country. It is suggested 

 that all the Carboniferous Bocks between the Millstone Grit and the 

 Tuedian or Calciferous Sandstone Series should be classed together under 

 the term " Bernician Series." W. T. 



• . On the " Little Limestone " and its accompanying Coal in 



South Northumberland. Trans. N. Engl. Inst. Eng. vol. xxiv. 

 pp. 73-83, 2 plates (sections). 

 The '* Little Limestone " is a very constant bed, and is known to 

 extend from Alston to the Coquetdale. This and other limestones bear 

 so constant a relation to certain beds of coal that they are known to 

 the miners as " guiding limestones." The " Eell-top " is the highest 

 bed of limestone in the series ; between this and the " Little Limestone" 

 there are about 330 feet of strata at Alston, there being here no inter- 

 mediate bed of limestone ; but in the Matfen district there are about 

 1450 feet of intermediate strata, with 3 or more beds of limestone. 

 In the district described there is usually a great series of sandstone 

 beds, often coarse and pebbly, below which comes a thin bed of shale 

 and then the *' Little Limestone," 9 to. 18 feet thick. Below the lime- 

 stone there is a variable thickness of shale or " grey beds " (2 to 45 

 feet thick) ; and then comes the coal. The seam is sometimes split up 

 into 2 or even 3 beds. Concludes with a brief account of the range and 

 outcrop of the strata described. W. T. 



. On the " Great " and " Pour-Fathom " Limestones and their 



associated Beds in South Northumberland. Trans. N. Engl. Inst. 



Eng. vol. xxiv. pp. 133-150, 2 plates. 



A continnation of the foregoing, and describes a strip of country 



lying between Haltwhistle and Elf Hills. The Great Limestone, 63 feet 



thick in the Alston district, is here reduced to from 30 to 40 feet. 



