ETJEOPE. 107 



canoes of Iceland," in the Tlmes^ Sept. 16, giving an account of 

 eruptions in August 1875.) W. T. 



Watts, W. L. Snioland, or amongst the Jokulls and Fjalds of Ice- 

 land. With map and photographs. London, 

 Contains some descriptive geology. 



Wiik, F. J. Ofverblick af sodra Finlands geologi. [Review of the 

 Geology of Southern Finland.] Geol. foren. StocJchohn Fork. Bd. 

 ii. pp. 189-196 and 228-236. 



An account of the characters and divisions of the eruptive rocks, the 

 metamorphic and the post-Tertiary beds. The eruptive rocks, which 

 of all are the most abundant, are as follows, from the oldest to the 

 newest: — 1. Gtuissr/ranite ; 2. Granite-porphyry, si/enitie granite, and 

 diorite ; 3. Gahhro and hyperite. The metamorphic beds are divided into 

 the Laurentian gneiss (red and grey gneiss, hornblendic gneiss, horn- 

 blende-schist, and cr}-stalline limestone) and the Huronian schist 

 (crystalline clay-slate, mica-schist, quartzite- schist, diorite-schist, &c.). 

 The post-Tertiary time is divided into three periods, during which 

 (1) the tiU (Swed. "Krosstensgnis "), (2) the gravel-ridges (kames, eskers, 

 Swcd. " Ssar "), and (3) the terraces (raised beaches) have been 

 formed. E. E. 



Woldrich, Dr. J. N. Ein Menschcnschiidel im diluvialen Loss bei 

 Mannersdorf in Niederosterrcich. [Human Skull in Loess, in 

 Lower Austria,] Verli. Tc.-h, geol. Reichs. pp. 140-142. 

 The Loess lies at some height above the alluvium of the plains.- 

 The skull in the present case, though found 2 m. deep, evidently was 

 of secondary deposition, being washed out of tho overlying pre- 

 historic bed (Culturschicht). E. B. T. 



' . Hercynische Gneissformation bei Gross-Zdikau im Bohmer- 



wald. [Hercynian Gneiss, &c.] Jahrh. h.-Ic. geol. Reichs. xxv. 

 Heft 3, pp. 259-292, map and 2 plates, and Verh. h.-k. geol, 

 Reichs. p. 52. 

 The " Hercynian " is G Umbel's upper division of the Bohmerwald 

 gneiss : its varieties are described, and next its relations to the granite, 

 porphyry, &c. of the district, of which a microscopic analysis is given. 

 Quartz occurs, in quantities worked for glass-making, as a contempo- 

 raneous deposit, and as a product of decomposition in the gneiss. 

 Limestone occurs in tho upper part of some thickness, and with tho 

 same dip as tho gneiss ; it contains garnets. Graphite occui-s in tho 

 lower part, but not in quantity or pure enough to bo of value. Con- 

 siderations adverse to its plutonic origin are added. E. B. T. 



Wolf, H. Die geologischen Aufschliisse auf der Staatsbahnstrecke 

 Beraun-llakonitz. [Sections on tho railway between Beraun and 

 Rakonitz.] Verh. h.-k. geol. ReicJis. pp. 52-56. 

 The sections show chiefly the lower unfossiliferous Silurian beds 

 (Pribram shales), alum and aphanitic shales intersected by much green- 

 stone (diabase, aphanite, and porphyry). The beds are much bent and 

 twisted. E.B.T. 



