130 GEOLOGY. 



coal of Nanaimo belongs to the lower American Eocene. This coal is 

 overlain by nearly 4000 feet of marine Cretaceous beds. G. A. L. 



Shaler, Prof. N. S. Antiquity of the Caverns and Cavern-life of the 

 Ohio Valley. Memoirs Kentucky Geological Survey^ vol. i. part 1, 

 p. 9, 1 plate, and Mem. Boston N. H. Soc. vol. ii. 



Caverns arc very numerous throughout the Carboniferous Limestone, 

 which is sometimes 300 feet thick : nearly all the small streams find 

 their way into these ; there are several tiers of them, and they are 

 found only in the massive limestone. An approximation to their age is 

 obtained by comparing the thickness of limestone cut through with the 

 rate of stream-denudation. One million years, taking us back into the 

 Pliocene, is thought to be their limit : the development of the cave- 

 fauna dates from that time ; it was not interfered with by glacial cold, 

 as glaciation does not quite reach the district of Mammoth -cave. 

 " The dozen cavern forms, which are related to outer species, have been 

 derived from these since the present assemblage of life in that district 

 was constituted." E. B. T. 



. Note on the Geological Relations of Boston and Narragansett 



Bays. Proc. Boston Nat. Hist. Soc. vol. xvii. pp. 488-490. 

 Thinks that there is a set of faults N.E. and S.W., the whole forming 

 a synclinal. The form of the Boston fjord shows glacial wear. 



Simonin, L. A travers les ]Stats Unis, de I'Atlantique au Pacifique. 



[Across the United States.] Pp. 418. 18mo. Paris. 

 Contains a popular account of the Nevada silver-mining district. 



Les grands lacs de I'Amerique du Nord. [Great Lakes of N. 



America.] Bevue de Deuoo Mondes, June. 

 Treats the subject to some extent geologically. 



Smith, Dr. Eugene A. Geological Survey of Alabama. Report of 

 Progress for 1874. Pp. 139, 7 woodcuts (sections). 8vo. Mont- 

 go7nery. 



Historical sketch of the Survey, pp. 9-13. Archaean Formations 

 (Laurentian, Huronian, White Mountain series), 14-25. Details of the 

 Counties, with analyses of iron-ores, slate, marbles, homblendic rocks, 

 magnesian limestones, cupriferous pyrites, and Budleyite, a new mineral 

 described by Dr. Genth (co'isisting chiefly of silica, alumina, magnesia, 

 and oxides of iron), probably the result of the alteration of margarite, 

 26-116. Economic materials, 117-124. Chemical Report, with ana- 

 lyses of iron-ores, coals, limestones, &c., 125-132. W. W. 



Smock, Prof. J. C. The Magnetic Iron Ores of New Jersey. Their 



Geographical Distribution and Geological Occurrence. Trans. 



Amer. Inst. Min. Eng. vol. ii. pp. 314-326. 



These ores are in the Highland Mountain range, in the northern 



part of the State, a high tableland furrowed by narrow valleys. This 



