174 PHYSICAL GEOLOGY. 



Stromholi, pp. 145-152, 206-214, plate and woodcut. Notices of 

 the historical references to this volcano during the last 2000 years 

 are followed by an account of what the author saw. The form, 

 dimensions, and succession of phenomena of the volcano are discussed, 

 these appearing to be inconsistent with Mr. MaUet's theory. 



Ischia, pp. 245-257, map and woodcuts. An account is given of the 

 volcanic rocks which compose the island, and of the succession of events 

 which produced them. Thermal springs are also noticed. 



Ponza Islands, pp. 298-308, woodcuts. A sketch of the structure 

 of these islands and of their relations to the other volcanic regions of 

 Italy is followed by an account of the numerous varieties of the 

 trachytic and rhyolitic rocks found. 



The Great Crater Lakes of Central Italy, pp. 348-356. The vast 

 craters of Somma, Rocca Monfina, Monte Albano, the Lago Bracciano, 

 and the Lago Bolsena are described, and proofs are adduced to show 

 that their formation must be ascribed to explosive action. The dis- 

 tinction between volcanic mountains of great bulk, but with com- 

 paratively small craters, and those of slight elevation, but with 

 enormous craters, is noticed, and the probable causes of the difference 

 discussed. J. W. J. 



Kinahan, G. H. Yalleys and their relation to Fissures, Fractures, 

 and Faults. Pp. xvi, 240 ; maps and sections, 8vo. London. 



Herein are given descriptions of the growth of joints, fractures, 

 faults, and fissures; also of their relations to one another. Subse- 

 quently are described the relations between such ruptures in the rock 

 and the features of the earth's surface. The object of the book is to 

 prove that the sculpturing of the earth's surface is largely due to, or 

 induced by, the shrinkage, breakage, and displacement of the rocks 

 forming the crust of the earth. G. H. K. 



. Mr. Croll on the Oscillations of the Sea-level due to the 



advance and retreat of the Ice-Cap. Geol. Mag. dec. 2, vol. ii. 



pp. 141. 



Besides the oscillations of the sea-level, there have been oscillations 



of the land, as proved by the varying heights of the Eskars and by the 



faults in the Drift. W. T. 



Faults and Features of the Earth. Nature, vol. xii. p. 146. 



Eeferring to the fault between the Highlands and Lowlands of 

 Scotland, and to the statement that it does not coincide with a line of 

 valley, the author remarks that where fault rock is hard there is no 

 tendency to produce valleys along the line of fault ; also that the 

 features of old faults, such as this, may be obliterated by later geolo- 

 gical changes. ^^ T. 



. Slaty Cleavage. Sci. Goss. no. 126, pp. 137, 138. 



Note in answer to Mr. Malet, stating the difficulties of the subject. 



King, Prof. William. Report on the Superinduced Divisional 



