184 PHYSICAL GEOLOGY. 



lakes]. (Efvers. K. SvensJca Vet.-AJcad. Forhandl. no. 1, pp. 53- 



83, with a plate. 

 Gives examples from Norway of lakes that at their lower ends are 

 confined by moraines, and concludes that they owe their origin to glacial 

 erosion. E. E. 



Helland, A. Om Dannelsen af Fjordene, Fjorddalene, Indsoerne og 

 Havbankerne. [Origin of Fjords, Fjordvalleys, Lakes and Sea- 

 banks.] (Efvers. K. SvensJca Vet.-AJcad, torJiandl. no. 4, pp. 13-38. 

 Facts are given showing that the fjords and lakes have been exca- 

 vated by ice. On the western shores of Norway there are many fjords ; 

 these are deeper in the middle part of their length than at their mouths, 

 where they are traversed by old moraines. The fjords on the western 

 coast of Scotland are also less deep at their mouths, and would, as 

 those of Norway and Greenland, be transformed by a rise of the land 

 to large lakes with great masses of glacial boulders and gravel at their 

 ends, as can be seen in several lakes in Norway, in Lago Maggiore and 

 other lakes south of the Alps, and in other countries whose latest geo- 

 logical history has been the same as that of the above-named countries. 



E. E. 



. Oversigt over den engelske Litteratur om Fjordenes, Fjord- 



dalenes og Indsoernes Dannelse. [Review of the English Literature 

 regarding the origin of Fjords, Fjordvalleys, and Lakes.] Tidstavler. 

 8vo. Cfiristiania. 28 pp. 



Hull, Prof. Edward. On Glaciers, Ancient and Modern. Journ. 

 R. Dublin Soc. vol. vi. pt. 43, p. 450. 



Describes the researches of Agassiz and Forbes, and reviews generally 

 the question of ancient glaciation, especially with reference to the 

 British Islands. E. T. H. 



Hunt, R. The Ice Age. — Climate and Time. Pop. Sci. Eev. vol. 

 xiv. pp. 234-244. 



Gives a summary of the evidence for a glacial period ; discusses the 

 theories which have been advanced to explain the recurrence of cold 

 periods, referring especially to changes in the eccentricity of the 

 earth's orbit, and to deflection of oceanic currents. "W. T. 



Hunt, [Dr.] T. S. The Disintegration of Rocks, and its Geological 

 Significance. Amer. Nat. vol. ix. pp. 471-473. (Amer. Assoc.) 



o 



Kinahan, G. H. Asar, Esker, or Kaims. Geol. Mag. dec. ii. vol. ii. 

 pp. 86, 87. 



Objects to the view that Eskers were accumulated as marginal 

 fringes to the retiring ice-cap, and believes that most of them are due 

 to the irregular heaping up of material consequent upon the meeting of 

 currents in a tidal sea. J. G. G. 



Kinkelin, Fr. Feber die Eiszeit. [The Ice Age.] Ber. SencJcenb, 

 nat. Ges. 1874-75, p. 77. 



Koch, Dr. G. A. Ueber MurbrUche ki Tyrol. [Torrent Inundations.] 



