204 GEOLOGY. 



Trickett, S. Bed Corsehill Stone. Building News, vol. xxix. no. 



1073, p. 129. 

 Describes Eed [Permian] Sandstone of Dumfriesshire. 



Windaldewicz, Edward. Das Erdol und Erdwachs in Galizien. 

 [Petroleum and Mineral Wax (Ozokerite) of Galicia.] Jahrb. 

 h.-h. Bergahad. Bd. xxiii. pp. 1-133. Abstract in Proc. Inst. 

 Civ. Eng. vol. xlii. pp. 343-345. 



The minerals in question are found within a district averaging 

 about 15 miles in breadth and about 270 in length, the area being 

 estimated at about one ninth of that of the oil-regions of America. 

 The principal centre of production is in the neighbourhood of Borys- 

 law. The strata consist of alternations of shales, sandstone, and 

 plastic clays belonging to the Carpathian Sandstone series, which are 

 sunk through. The ozokerite occurs in beds from 1 to 3 inches thick be- 

 tween the planes of deposition of alternate strata ; but occasional veins 

 in cracks, crossing the stratification, and up to 3 feet in thickness, are 

 found. When the wax is exhausted the shaft is deepened for crude 

 oil, which is scooped up in buckets. The mode of working is remark- 

 ably primitive, there being some 12,000 shafts in the immediate 

 neighbourhood of Boryslaw. Details are given of the results of several 

 deep borings. The petroleum is considered to be derived from a deep- 

 seated source, probably from an underground extension of the Coal 

 Measures or older Palaeozoic rocks. The technical and economic details 

 of this remarkable industry are described. H. B. 



"Worth, R. N. The Economic Geology of Devon. Trans. Devon 

 Assoc, vol. vii. pp. 209-233. 



The materials obtained in the county and used in building or road- 

 making are described ; and statistics are given of the number and pro- 

 duce of the metalliferous mines. T. M. H. 



The Antiquity of Cornish Mining. ^2nd Ann. Rejp. R. Corn- 



wcdl Pol. Soc. pp. 42-45 (Abstract). 

 The general conclusions are : — that the historical evidence of the 

 antiquity of mining carries it back at least 2300 years ; that the in- 

 ferential evidence nearly, if not quite, doubles that period ; and that 

 the geological evidence antedates its commencement to a time when 

 the mammoth either still existed or had not long disappeared, and 

 when the general level of Cornwall and Devon was at least some 30 

 feet higher than now. C. L. N. E. 



. The Building and Ornamental Stones of Cornwall, with notes 



on their Archaeology. Journ. P. Inst. Cornivall, no. xvii. pp. 215— 



219. 



Granite, elvans, traps, and killas all furnish good building-stones. 



{The Catacleuse trap, Pentewan Elvan, and Polyphant stone were used 



as early as the 12th century. The easily wrought St. Stephen's 



granite is a china- stone. The roofing-slate from Delabole is still 



