CH. ii. HIPPOCRATES ARISTOTLE. 15 



and finding out the causes of disease. He studied the 

 effect that heat and cold have upon us, and taught physi- 

 cians to pay attention to the kind of food given to sick 

 people, and especially to watch carefully in sickness for the 

 critical point when the fever is at its height He wrote 

 many learned works on the human body, and you should 

 remember his name as the Founder of the science of 

 Medicine. 



Eudoxus, 406 Democritus, 459 B.C. The great 

 astronomer after Anaxagoras was called Eudoxus. He was 

 born about 406 B.C., at Cnidos, in Asia Minor, where he 

 had an observatory, from which he could watch the heavens, 

 and by this means he made a map of all the stars then 

 known. He was the first Greek astronomer who explained 

 how the planets Jupiter, etc., moved round in the heavens, 

 and the time at which they would appear again exactly in 

 the same place as before. The great philosopher Demo- 

 critus, of Abdera (459 B.C.), who lived about the same time 

 as Eudoxus, made the remarkable guess that the beautiful 

 bright band called the * Milky Way,' which stretches every 

 evening right across the sky, is composed of millions of 

 stars scattered like dust over the heavens. 



Aristotle, 384 B.C., one of the most famous philo- 

 sophers of Greece, was also a great student of nature. He 

 was born at Stagira, in Thrace, 384 B.C., but studied at 

 Athens under Plato, and afterwards became the tutor of 

 Alexander the Great Aristotle did much for astronomy, 

 by collecting and comparing the discoveries 6f the astro- 

 nomers who came before him. He is the first of the Greek 

 writers who states very decidedly that the earth must be a 

 round globe, and he observed an eclipse (or occultation 

 as it is termed by astronomers) of the planet Mars by the 

 moon. 



