CH. xxxvin. ADVANCES IN NATURAL SCIENCE. 41 1 



CHAPTER XXXVIII. 



SCIENCE OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY (CONTINUED). 



Jussieu on Natural System of Plants Sprengel on Insect Fertilisation 

 Robert Brown Goethe on Metamorphosis of Plants. 



THE short sketch of advances in modern chemistry given in 

 the last chapter brings us to the end of the physical sciences, 

 or those which deal more particularly with the properties of 

 inorganic substances, and the laws of their action upon each 

 other. We must now pass on to those sciences which treat 

 of the past and present history of the globe, and the living 

 beings which inhabit it. I shall not attempt to speak of 

 these sciences separately, for it is clearly impossible without 

 a great deal of special knowledge to follow the modern dis- 

 coveries in physiology, anatomy, medicine, zoology, botany, 

 and geology. 



All these sciences had advanced rapidly since the time 

 of Haller and Hunter, Linnaeus and Buffon. Famous 

 anatomists and physiologists such as the two Monros, father 

 and son, in England, Bichat (1771-1802) in France, 

 Camper (1722-1789) and Blumenbach (1752-1840) in Ger- 

 many, had been carrying on the study of the comparative 

 structure of men and animals, and training up students to 

 understand, far more completely than before, the functions 

 of living beings. The followers of Linnaeus, also, all over 

 the world had been collecting and sending home for com- 



