INDEX. 



501 



ENERGY 



Energy, potential and active, 357 ; con- 

 servation of, 358 ; dissipation of, 360 



Engines, history of. 244 ; the Newcomen, 

 245 ; Watt's double-acting, 249 



England, geological map of, by W. Smith, 



322 



Kpicycles, theory of, 64 



Epidermis studied by Malpighi, 136 



Equinoxes observed by Thales, 9 ; Hip- 



parchus discovers precession of, 30 

 Erasistratus on the brain, 26 

 Erratic blocks, on the Jura, 450 ; a proof 



of former extension of ice, 451 

 Eratosthenes lays down first parallel of 



latitude, 27 ; measures circumference of 



the earth, 28 



Ether, light a vibration of the, 176 

 Euclid, some problems of, invented by 



Thales, o. 

 Euclid discovers that light travels in 



straight lines, 21 

 Eudoxus explains movements of the 



planets, 15 

 Euler on sound, 263 

 Eustachius the anatomist, 66 

 Evolution, theory of, 457 

 Extinct animals restored by Cuvier, 435 ; 



man contemporary with, 452 

 Eye, Alhazen on the sight of the, 46 ; Porta 



on structure of the, 74 ; Kepler on the, 94 



FABRIC1US Aquapendente discovers 

 valves in veins, 109 



Fahrenheit thermometer, -freezing-point 

 of, 118 



Falling bodies, Galileo on rate of, 78 



Fallopius, the anatomist, 66 



Faraday, history of, 373 ; on rotation of 

 magnets and electric wires, 374 ; on 

 electric current produced by a magnet, 

 376 ; on connection between electricity 

 and chemical changes, 394 ; on liquefac- 

 tion of gases, 406 ; discovered benzole, 410 



Faust, John, the printer, 55 



Fire -air discovered by Mayow, 129; its 

 effect on the blood, 132 



1 Fixed air,' Black on, 225 ; Bergmann 

 tests, 227 



Fizeau on velocity of light, 327 



Flame, spectra of different kinds of, 336 



Flamsteed, 84, 153, 282 



Flint implements of Abbeville, 453 



Flint-glass, dispersion of light in, 166 



Flood, attempt to explain fossils by a uni- 

 versal, 214 



Fluxions, Newton's method of, 145, 150 



Forces, convertibility of, 397 ; of gravita- 

 tion, 146 



Fossil animals restored by Cuvier, 435 ; 

 intermediate forms of, 460; found in 

 Rocky Mountains, 476 



Fossil shells observed by Pythagoras, ti 



GERANIUM 



Fossils, Gesner on, 68 ; first attempts to 

 explain, 214 ; used by W. Smith for 

 classification, 222 



Foucault on velocity of light, 327 



Frankland, Dr., cited, 410 



Franklin's early life, 252 ; he proves light- 

 ning to be electricity, 255 



Fraunhofer's early life, 334; lines,' 335 



French school of chemistry, 2-;8 



Fr^snel, history of, 324, on polarization of 

 light, 324 ; on circular polarization, 327 



Freyberg, Werner's lectures at, 216 



Friction, ice melted and water boiled by, 

 352 



Friendship of Ray and Willughby, 139 



Frog's leg, electricity in, 259 



Fust, J. See Faust 



GALEN, physiology of, 34 ; corrected 

 by Vesalius, 65 



Galileo on the pendulum and on falling 

 bodies, 77; on musical notes, 80 ; on 

 secondary light of the moon, 87 ; on 

 Jupiter's moons, 88 ; on phases of Venus, 

 89 ; on sun-spots and rotation of sun on 

 its axis, 90 ; demonstrates the truth of 

 Copernican iheory, 89, 92 ; his telescope, 

 87 ; his recantation, 91 ; on rising of 

 water in a pump, 1 14 ; makes a water 

 thermometer, 118 ; compared with Tycho 

 and Kepler, TOO 

 Galle finds Neptune, 304 

 Gallium discovered, 338 

 Galvani on animal electricity, 257 ; his 



controversy with Volta, 259 

 Galvanism, 258 



Galvanometer invented by Ampere, 377 

 Ganges, mud carried down by the, 444 

 'Gas,' term used by Van Helmont, 71; 



Nebulae composed of, 344 

 Gases, Boyle's law of, 126 ; Bacon on. 5? ; 

 ALiyow on, 129; discovery of the four 

 important, 225; spectra of, 337; atmo- 

 sphere of, round the sun, 341 ; diffusion 

 of, 363 ; critical point of, 406 ; liquefac- 

 tion of, 406 ; molecular theory of, 362 

 Gassendi observes transit of Mercury, 154 

 Gauss re-discovers Ceres, 299 

 Gay-Lussac on multiple volumes, 404 

 Geber the founder of chemistry, 43-45 

 Geddes, Mr., on embryonic development, 



440 



Geist, word ' gas ' derived from, 71 

 Geography, Ptolemy's work on, 33 ; Strabo 



on, 33 



Geology, definition of, 2 ; of Pythagoras, 



1 1 ; neglected in Dark Ages, 213; Lazzaro 



Moro on, 215 ; Werner on, 216 ; Hutton 



on, 218 ; W. Smith on, 221 ; Sir C. Lyell 



on, 442; prejudices retarding, 441 



George II. founds Gottingen University, 195 



Geranium, Linneeus's definition of the. 208 



