50A 



INDEX. 



Liebig on organic chemistry, 408 

 Light, Euclid on rays of, 21 ; a vibration, 

 175 ; causing colour, 177 ; polarization 

 of, 180, 322 ; compared to sound, 175 ; 

 dispersion of, 161 ; blending of colours 

 into white, 165 ; interference of, 319 ; 

 undulations compared to waves of a pond, 

 319 ; reflection of, from a soap-bubble, 

 321 ; complex vibrations of, 326 ; passage 

 of, through a crystal, 326 ; Roemer 

 measures velocity of, 172 ; theories of, 

 173; undulatory theory explained, 175; 

 Fizeau and Foucault on velocity of, 327 

 Lightning, electric nature of, proved by 



Franklin, 255 ; conductors, 257 

 Lilienthal, meeting of astronomers at, 299 

 Limestone, fixed air obtained from, 225 ; 



beds of Sicily, thickness of, 443 

 Lines in the spectrum, 336 

 Linns;an system, 207 ; collection brought 



to England, 211 



Linnaeus, early life of, 205 ; his ' Excur- 

 sions," 207 ; gives specific names to plants 

 and animals, 207 ; death and character 

 of, 211 



Lippershey makes a telescope, 85 

 Liquefaction of permanent gases, 406 

 Lithuanian legend about falling stars, 307 

 Lizards, unpaired rudimentary eye in, 475 

 Loadstone known to the Greeks, 53 

 Locke on heat, 349 



Lockyer on spectrum of the sun's atmo- 

 sphere, 342 ; on dissociation of elements, 

 405 



Locomotive-engine, date of first, 244 

 Loewy cited, 343 



Looking-glass, cause of reflection of, 177 

 Loschmidt on size of molecules, 364 

 Lungs, circulation of blood through the, 



in ; studied by Malpighi, 135 

 Luxembourg Palace, polarized light re- 

 flected from windows of, 323 

 Lyell, Sir C., his history, 442 ; on present 

 causes of geological change, 442-445; on 

 Darwin, 464 

 Lymphatics discovered by Rudbeck, 113 



MCENERY on flint implements of 

 Kent's Hole. 453 



Magdeburg hemispheres, 120 



Magellan's ship sails round the world, 57 



Magellanic clouds, 306 



' Magia Naturalis' published, 72 



Magic lantern invented, 74 



Magnet, origin of name, 53; producing 

 electric current, 376 ; and electric wires, 

 mutual rotation of, 374 



Magnetic field caused by electric currents, 

 371 ; needle, direction of, 369, 380; varia- 

 tions of the, 57 ; Ampere on direction of, 

 VI ; sudden movement of, at Kew, 381 



MILLER 



Magnetism, Gilbert on, 75 ; electro-, 372 ; 

 terrestrial, affected by sun-spots, 379 



Magnifying glasses explained, 49 



Malpighi applies the microscope to living 

 structures, 134 ; discovers Malpigh.an 

 layer, 136 ; on silkworm, 136 ; on struc- 

 ture of plants, 137 



Malus on polarization of light, 322 



Man. antiquity of, 452 ; selection of ani- 

 mals by, 466 



Map made by Anaximander, 10 ; geologi- 

 cal, made by W. Smith, 222 



Marcus Graecus gunpowder made by, 42 



Mariner's compass, 54 



Marquis of Worcester's engine, 244 



Mariotte's law, 128 



Mars, atmosphere of, 344 ; movements of, 

 explained by Kepler, 95 ; occultation of, 

 observed by Aristotle, 15 ; discovery oi 

 satellites of, 311 



Marsh, Professor, on fossils of Rocky 

 Mountains, 476 



Maskelyne measures the destiny of the 

 earth, 288 



Matter, ultra-gaseous state of, 365 



Maury on division of Biela's comet, 301 



Maxwell. See Clerk-Maxwell 



Mayer, Dr., on mechanical equivalent of 

 hear, 3^5 



Mayow discovers 'fire-air,' 130; his ex- 

 periments on combustion and respiration, 

 129 



' M6canique Celeste' of Laplace, 281 



Mechanical equivalent of heat, 355 



Mechanics, definition of, 2 



Medical school of Leyden, 191 



Medicine, Hippocrates the father of, 14; 

 Galen on, 34 



Medusae, nervous system of the, 475 



Melloni on passage of heat rays, 359 



Mercurial thermometer, how made, 118 



Mercuric oxide, Priestley obtains oxygen 

 from, 231 



Mercury obtained from cinnabar by Geber, 

 44 ; sustained in a tube by weight of air, 

 116 ; combining with oxygen, 236 



Mercury, transits of, observed, 154 ; planets 

 within the orbit of, 312 



Meta-elements, Crpokes on, 405 



Metals, (ieber notices increased weight of 

 heated, 44 ; electric discharge from two, 

 260 ; discovered by spectrum analysis, 

 338 



Metamorphosis of plants, ti\ 



Meteors and their paths, 306 ; their com- 

 position, 307 ; spectrum analysis of, 345 



Microscope applied to living structures, 134 



Middle Ages, science of the, 39-59 



Milky Way studied by Democritus, 15 ; 

 by Galileo, 88 



Miller, Dr., on spectrum analysis of thfl 

 stars, 343 



