506 



INDEX. 



PALISSY 



PAUSSY on fossil shells, 214 

 Pallas discovered, 300 

 Palaeontology, growth of, 476 

 Papin's engine, 245 

 Parabolas described by comets, 150 

 Paracelsus, chemistry of, 70 

 Paris, Cuvier on fossil animals of, 435 

 Parker, W. Kitchen, on structural links in 



the vertebrate kingdom, 440 

 Pascal on pressure of the atmosphere, 117 

 Pecquet on thoracic duct, 112 

 Peltier cited, 378 



Pericles pleads for Anaxagoras, 14 

 Perkins, Mr., discoverer of aniline dyes, 410 

 Perrier M., carries a barometer up the 



Puy de D8me, 117 

 Pendulum, Galileo on the, 77 

 Petrology, study of, 455 

 Phases of moon, 10; of Venus, 89 

 Philosopher, name first given to Pytha- 

 goras, 12 



Philosophical transactions begun, 124 

 Phlogiston, theory of, 132 ; destroyed by 



Lavoisier, 237 



Photography explained, 332 ; used in as- 

 tronomy, 347 



Photosphere of the sun, 343 

 Physical forces, correlation of the, 479 ; 



geography, Htimboldt on, 424 

 Physics, definition of, 2 ; of sixteenth cen- j 

 tury, 80; of seventeenth century, 184; of 

 eighteenth century, 292 

 Physiology, beginning of the study of, 108 

 Piazzi discovers Ceres, 299 

 Picart, size of the earth measured by, 147 

 Pickering on size of satellites of Mars, 311 

 Pictet liquefies permanent gases, 407 

 Pierre-a-Bot, an erratic block, 450 

 Pigeons, common descent of different varie- 

 ties of, 466 



Pigot on stretched strings, 263 

 Pisa, Galileo and the men of, 78 

 Pith of elder, cells in, 137 ; ball attracted 

 and repelled by rubbed sealing-wax, 122 

 Planets. Anaxagoras on, 14 ; Euxodus on, 

 15 ; Kepler's laws concerning the, 95-99 ; 

 held in their orbits by gravitation, 149 ; 

 minor, or asteroids, 299 ; stability of 

 ' their orbits proved by Lagrange, 280; 

 analysis of their orbits by Leverrier, 

 312 ; intermercurial, 312 

 Plants, Aristotle on low organisation of, 

 16 ; Theophrastus on, 17 ; microscopic 

 structure of, 137 ; ashes of, examined by 

 Boerhaave, 192 ; Hales on breathing of, 

 193 ; Bonnet on leaves of, 200 ; Gesner 

 on, 68 ; Caesalpinus on, 69 ; Ray on, 141 ; 

 Linnaeus, artificial system of, 209 ; Jus- 

 sieu, natural system of, 209, 412; speci- 

 fic names given to, 208 ; Humboldt on 

 distribution of, 424; metamorphosis of, 

 414 ; Priestley on breathing of, 231 ; 



RAYS 



fertilisation by insects, 415, 467, 4 ra ; 



colouring matter in, 410; carnivore us, 



472 



Plates, vibrations of musical, 273 

 Playfair's illustrations of Hutton, 218 

 Pleiades, nebula discovered in the, 347 

 Pliny the naturalist, 33 

 Polarization of light, 180; by reflection, 



322 ; circular, 327 

 Porta, his meetings in Naples, 72 ; his 



camera obscura, 73 ; on the eye, 74 ; his 



engine, 244 



Positive and negative electricity, 255 

 Potassium discovered by Davy, 393 

 Potter,Humphrey,ties the engine-cocks, 246 

 Precession of equinoxes discovered by 



Hipparchus, 30; Newton on, 151 

 Pressure and volume, relations of, 128 

 Prestwich on flint implements, 453 

 Priestley, his discoveries, 230-233 

 Prism, light dispersed in a, 162 

 Prismatic colours, Newton on, 164 

 ' Principia,' some problems discussed in 



the, 151 



' Principles of Geology ' published, 446 

 Printing, invention of, 55 

 Proctor on shooting stars, 309 

 Proportions, law of definite, 400 

 Protoplasm explained, 420 

 Proust on chemical law of proportions, 400 

 Ptolemaic system, 32 

 Ptolemies patrons of learning, 18 

 Ptolemy, astronomy of, 32 ; geography of, 



33 ; ' cloudy stars ' seen by, 284 

 Pulmonary circulation of the blood, in 

 Pulse studied by Herophilus, 27 

 Pump, height that water will rise in, 114 

 Pythagoras, science of, zi, 2135 his mono- 

 chord, 12 

 Pythagorean system, ai 



/QUADRANT made by Copernicus, 64 

 >^ Quadrupeds, Ray's work on, 140 

 Quicklime, nature of, 225 



RABBITS descended from one wild 

 stock, 430 



Radiometer, 365 



Rain, denuding effects of, 442 



Rainbow, De Dominis on, 161 



Ramsay, Professor, cited, 217 



Ray and Willughby, history of, 139; on 

 quadrupeds, 140 ; on birds, fishes, and in- 

 sects, 141 ; on plants, 141 ; on geology, 215 



Rays of light, index of refraction of, 107 ; 

 Kuclid on, 21 ; Alhazen on refraction of, 

 47 ; Kepler on, 94 ; Young and Fresnel 

 on, 326 ; Newton on refraction of co- 

 loured, 162 ; non-interference of ordinary 

 and extraordinary, 325 ; paths of through 

 a crystal, 326 ; discovery of chemical and 

 heat, 330-33Z 



