C 60 ) 



necessity for covering some kinds of vines in our northern 

 states, precluded their culture for the purpose of making 

 wine; but it must have been unknown to them, that the 

 vineyards in some parts of Germany, where large quantities 

 of wine are made, are treated in this manner. However, 

 even this objection may be remedied, by planting only those 

 vines which are cultivated in the north of France, and which 

 there withstand, without protection, a degree of cold full as 

 great as that of the middle states ; the new varieties which 

 have originated in our own country, bid fair also to do away 

 every difficulty on this point. It has been considered, by 

 many, that those grapes which require protection, when quite 

 young, will continue to require it; which is not, however, 

 generally the case, for many varieties which need protection 

 the first, and perhaps the second winter, will succeed without 

 a continuance of it. The ground around the vines must be 

 kept mellow, and free from grass and weeds; arid, every au- 

 tumn, immediately after pruning them, it will be necessary 

 to have from two to four shovelsfull of old well rotted ma- 

 nure dug in around each vine. It is to be understood, that 

 the directions for covering the vines during the winter, and 

 the selections of early fruit, 8cc. are only necessary for the 

 climate north of the Potowmac ; for, in the more southern 

 states, no protection of course is necessary, and all the later 

 kinds of grapes may be cultivated with every reasonable pro- 

 spect of success ; but all the other directions relative to 

 pruning, training, manuring' 8c.c. will be found necessary as 

 well in a southern as in a northern clime. 



Propagation of Grajies. 



Grapes may be propagated from cuttings, layers, or seeds ; 

 the former, however, is the customary mode both in France 

 and elsewhere. For this purpose, you should select well 

 ripened wood, of the growth of the previous season, and form 

 it into lengths, containing from three to four joints as to 

 their exact length it is of no consequence but the lower 

 end, or base of the cutting, should be just below a joint. 

 Being thus prepared, about the month of November, a hole 

 can be made in sandy soil, so deep as to be out of the reach 

 of frost, where they can be placed, with a layer of sand or 

 other earth^ between each layer of scions, and in this situa- 

 tion they can safely remain till the middle of March, or the 

 beginning of April, when they can be taken out and soaked 





