CHAP. XXIII. 



PAIwEARCTIC BIRDS. 



297 



En rope and Asia, and range throughout the Arctic regions 

 of the eastern hemisphere from the North Cape to Behring's 

 Straits. A few of these are occasionally found in Greenland 

 and in Alaska, but are not found in the intermediate or 

 Nearctic regions, though many of them are there represented 

 by very nearly allied species, showing that the communication 

 across the Pole has been interrupted at a comparatively 

 modern geological epoch : 



White-tailed Eagle. 



Hobby. 



Merlin. 



Goshawk. 



Sparrow-Hawk. 



Hen-Harrier. 



Eagle Owl. 



Black Woodpecker. 



Three-toed Woodpecker. 



Cuckoo. 



Magpie. 



Siberian Jay. 



Tree Sparrow. 



Scarlet Bullfinch. 



Brambling. 



Eeed-Bunting. 



Buff. 



Teraminck's Stint. 



Common Snipe. 



Great Snipe. 



Whimbrel. 



Common Crane. 



Wild Swan. 



Bean-Goose, 



Skylark. 



Red-throated Pipit. 



Green Wagtail. 



Blue-throated Warbler. 



Wheatear. 



Lapp Tit. 



Common Swallow. 



Black Grouse. 



Hazel Grouse. 



Little Ringed Plover. 



Oystercatcher. 



Greenshank. 



Wood Sandpiper. 



Spotted Redshank.- 



Common Sandpiper. 



Bar-tailed Godwit. 



Teal. 



Widgeon. 



Tufted Duck. 



Velvet Scoter. 



Black Scoter. 



Smew. 



Common Gull. 



From the length of this list it might be reasonable to 

 assume that ornithologists are right in separating the Ne- 

 arctic region from the Palaearctic region, and that it would be 

 an error, even as far as Arctic birds only are considered, to 



