CHAP. xxin. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 299 



The dotterel and the little stint are the only species in 

 this list of which it can be said that their principal breeding- 

 grounds are north of the Arctic Circle. The nearest relations 

 of the former species are undoubtedly to be found in the 

 southern Palsearctic region, whilst the genus to which the 

 latter belongs is well represented in the Polar regions of 

 both continents. 



Two species only appear to range from Scandinavia east- 

 wards as far as the valley of the Obb, but do not cross the 

 watershed into the valley of the Yenesay : 



Book. 

 Yellowhammer. 



The Ural Mountains, although they are the boundary 

 between political Europe and Asia, are by no means so geo- 

 graphically or ornithologically. So far as we know, one 

 species only of the Petchora birds recognises this chain as 

 the eastern limit of its range, viz. : 



Meadow Pipit. 



Four species ranging westward from Kamtchatka through- 

 out Arctic Siberia and across the Ural Mountains, do not 

 appear to advance farther into Europe, during the breeding 

 season, than the valley of the Petchora : 



Siberian Pipit. I Siberian Stonecbat, 



Yellow-headed Wagtail. ] Bewick's Swan. 



Six species, ranging westward from Kamtchatka through- 

 out Arctic Siberia and across the Ural Mountains, appear 



