TIIK sii'imxopHORA. 131 



differentiated manubrium, and narrowing its cavity at differ- 

 ent points gives rise to the irregular canals (Fig. 27, D, d). 

 In the male gonophore the nectocalvx is more distinct from 

 the manubrium, and its extremity has a rounded aperture 

 (Fig. 37, JE). 



In the Calycophoridce, as in the elongated Phyaophoridoe, 

 the development of new hydranths and their appendages, 

 which is constantly occurring, takes place at that end of the 

 hydrosoma which corresponds to the fixed extremity of one 

 of the Hydrophora ; and, if we consider this to be the proxi- 

 mal end, new buds are developed on the proximal side of 

 those already formed. Moreover, these buds are formed on 

 one side only of the hydrosoma. Hence the appendages are 

 strictly unilateral, though they may change their position so 

 as eventually to appear bilateral or even whorled. In the 

 Culycophoridce, the saccular proximal end of the ccenosarc 

 (Fig. 22, A, d) is inclosed within the anterior nectocalyx, at 

 the posterior end of which is a chamber, the hydroecium 

 (Fig. 22, A, c). The second, or posterior, nectocalyx is at- 

 tached in such a way that its anlerior end is inclosed within 

 the hydroecium of the anterior nectocalyx, while its contrac- 

 tile chamber lies on the opposite side of the axis to that on 

 which the anterior nectocalyx is placed (Fig. 22, A). Sets 

 of appendages (Fig. 22, A, a ; Fig. 23), each consisting of a 

 hydrophyllium, a hydranth with its tentacle, and gonophores, 

 which last bud out from the pedicle of the hydranth are 

 developed at regular intervals on the ccenosarc, and the long 

 chain trails behind as the animal swims with a darting mo- 

 tion, caused by the simultaneous rhythmical contraction of 

 its nectocalyces, through the water (Fig. 22). 



From what has been said, it follows that the distal set of 

 appendages is the oldest, and, as they attain their full de- 

 velopment, each set becomes detached, as a free-swimming, 

 complex Diphyzooid (Fig. 23). In this condition they grow 

 and alter their form and size so much, that they were for- 

 merly regarded as distinct genera of what were termed mono- 

 gastric Diphydce. The gonophores, with which these are 

 provided, in their turn become detached, increase in size, 

 become modified in form, and are set free as a third s< 

 of independent zotfids (Fig. 23, D). But their manubrium 

 does not develop a mouth and become a functional h\ dram h ; 

 on the contrary, the generative elements are developed in 

 its wall, and are set free by its dehiscence. 



In the Physophoridce, the proximal end of the hydrosoma 



