140 A MANUAL OF THE BIRDS OF AUSTRALIA. 



becoming brown on the sides of the breast where it forms a patch. Total length 

 215 mm. ; culmen 26, wing 112, tail 58, tarsus 24. 



Adult female in summer-plumage. Similar to the male but larger, and the streaks 

 on the middle of and the patch on the sides of breast not so strongly pronounced. 



Adult male in winter-plumage. Differs from the summer-plumage in being 

 more bronzy-olive on the back and scapulars, the crossing and shaft-lines not so 

 strongly pronounced, the bars on the wings minute and composed of black and buff ; 

 bill brown, base of lower mandible grey ; iris brown ; feet leaden-grey tinged with 

 brown. 



Adult female in winter-plumage. Similar to the male. 



Immature. Upper-surface brown, each feather fringed with a bufiish tip and 

 darker succeeding mark ; wing-coverts barred with whitish and with bufiish tips ; 

 inner secondaries barred with white on outer webs ; tail barred, tips buff, otherwise 

 as in summer-plumage. 



Nestling. Upper-surface pale ash-grey and with a black striped pattern of 

 marking and no spangling ; a black loral line and a black frontal line ; under -surface 

 creamish-grey . 



Nest. A depression in the grass. 



Eggs. Clutch, four ; ground-colour either greyish or yellowish-white, covered 

 all over with underlying spots of grey, and others, few and irregular, of deep or coffee- 

 brown. On some there are a few lines and zigzags ; generally the markings are 

 thicker on the large end, which is sometimes even smudged with brown ; axis 33 

 to 37.2 mm., diameter 24.8 to 26.2. 



Breeding -season. June and July. (Sakhalin Island.) 



Distribution and forms. Breeding in Europe and Asia, migrating southward 

 in winter. The eastern form is at present indefinable, but later study with good 

 series may reinstate it. 



Genus TEREKIA. 



Terekia Bonaparte, Comp. List Birds, Europe and N. Amer., p. 52, April 14th, 1838. Type 

 (by monotypy) : Totanus javanictis Horsfield = Scolopax cinerea Gueldenstadt. 

 Xenus Kaup, Skizz. Entwick.-Gesch. Nat. Syst., p. 115, pref. April 1829. Type (by mono- 

 typy) : Scolopax cinerea Gueldenstadt. 

 Not Xenos Rossi, Mantissa Insect., Vol. II., p. 114, 1794. 



Simorhynchus Keyserling und Blasius, Wirbelth. Europa's, p. LXXIV., (before April) 1840: 

 Type (by monotypy) : S. cinerea Gueldenstadt. 



Not of Merrem, Ersch und Gruber, Allg. Ency., Vol. II., p. 405, 1819. 



Rhynchosimus Heine und Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein., p. 326, (pref. Sept.) 1890. New 

 name for Simorhynchua Keys, und Blasius. 



Smallest Totanine Waders with very long upcurved bills, long wings, medium 

 tail, short legs, and long toes. The culmen is very long and distinctly upturned, 

 with the tip not expanded but decurved ; the base of the culmen is considerably 

 wider than the tip, and the lower mandible has the base proportionately more swollen, 

 the interramal space being unfeathered ; the groove in the upper mandible extends 

 more than half the length of the culmen. The culmen is less than half the length 

 of the wing, but more than one-third. The wings are long and pointed with first 

 primary longest, and are more than twice the length of the tail. The tail is rounded 

 and of medium length being longer than the culmen, but less than half the length 

 of the wing. The metatarsus is short, but is more than half the length of the culmen, 

 and is regularly scutellate in front and behind. The toes are long and the outer 

 connected with the middle by a distinct basal web which almost extends to the 

 second joint, the inner showing a distinct web with the middle one which extends 

 to the fust joint ; the middle toe is shorter than the metatarsus, and a long hind-toe 

 is present. 



