DOUBLE-BANDED DOTTEREL. 167 



white at the tips on the outer web ; middle tail-feathers rather darker brown than 

 the back, becoming paler on the outer feathers which have white edges at the tip, 

 the outermost pair almost pure white ; fore-part of crown, lores, and cheeks black 

 like the broad band which crosses the lower throat ; a wide chestnut band on the 

 lower-breast ; fore-head and a narrow line over to behind the eye white like the 

 throat, the space dividing the chestnut-and -black bands on the breast, abdomen, 

 under tail-coverts, axillaries, and under wing-coverts ; bill black slightly tinged 

 with olive ; iris blackish-brown, eyelids scarlet ; feet pale yellowish-white, the 

 joints of the toes and knees browner. Total length 190 mm. ; culmen 19, wing 127, 

 tail 56, tarsus 33. 



Adult female. Similar to the adult male but the colours not so distinct. 



Female nearly adult. Upper-parts similar to the adult male but the feathers 

 everywhere margined with rufous, the black on the fore-head and cheeks scarcely 

 pronounced, the dark band on the lower throat brown instead of black, and the 

 chestnut band on the breast much paler and narrower. 



Adult in ivinter-plumage. Distinguished from the adult in breeding-plumage 

 by the absence of the black on the lores, cheeks, and fore-part of head, also the 

 chestnut and black bands on the lower throat and breast. 



Young. Differs from the adult in the feathers of the upper-surface being 

 margined with rufous, by the absence of any black on the fore-head, lores, and cheeks, 

 these parts being washed with sandy-buff, which colour is also shown on the lower 

 throat, where the black band of the adult is indicated by an irregular band of brown 

 feathers ; but there is no sign of a chestnut band. 



Other immature birds in Ma thews 's collection differ from the adult in having 

 the bands on the chest and throat narrower, less defined, and mixed with white, and 

 the black on the fore-head, lores, and cheeks less pronounced. 



Nestling ivith down adhering. Top of head brown with well-marked brown 

 tips ; no loral stripe ; back of neck spotted black and white down which also can 

 be seen on rump and tail ; all back, secondaries, scapulars, etc., are brown with 

 broad rufous edges ; primaries very short brown ; under-surface chestnut from 

 chin to abdomen which is white ; bill long. 



Nestling in down. Covered with soft down of a bright sandy-yellow on the 

 upper-surface, changing to yellowish-white on the under parts ; the crown of the 

 head and the back prettily mottled with dark brown, of which there is also a broad 

 streak on the wings and thighs. 



Fledgeling. Feathers of the upper -parts brown largely margined with fulvous, 

 under parts white with fulvous markings on the breast ; the sides of the head and 

 lower part of back and rump covered with down of a dull sandy -yellow, spotted 

 with black, and with fluffy down still adhering to other parts of the body. Bill 

 dark brown, legs brownish-grey. 



Nest. A depression in the earth. 



Eggs. Clutch, three ; greenish-brown, much sprinkled with dark brown 

 markings ; axis 35 mm., diameter 26. 



Breeding season. August to December. (New Zealand.) 



Distribution and forms. Australia and New Zealand, but not yet found breeding 

 in Australia, though occurring in West Australia, from which locality Mathews 

 proposed the subspecies N. b. incertus, but no further knowledge has since 

 been added. 



Genus PAGOA. 



Pagoa Mathews, Birds Austr., Vol. III., pt. 1, p. 82, April 2nd, 1913. Type (by original 

 designation) : Charadrius geoffroyi Wagler = C. leschenaultii Lesson. 



Plovers of medium size with very stout bills, long wings, short legs, and 

 medium feet. 



