1SS SK1MA. 



resemblance to the shells of those species of which the animal is 

 known. Steenstrup believes that the species, being exclusively 

 littoral, have not any extruded geographical distribution, and 

 therefore probably many undescribed species exist ; at the same 

 time he carefnllv warns naturalists not to confound the consid- 

 erable differences which are really individual only with those of 

 specific importance advice which is equally pertinent to the 

 cephalopods in general. 



Dr. J. E. Gray thus groups the shells of the Sepiae with refer- 

 ence to the figures in Ferussac and d'Orbigny's monograph: 



* Shell oblong. 



f Apex very blunt. S. OFFICINALIS, S. LATIMANUS. 



f f Apex produced. S. VERMICULATA, S. Rouxn, 8. RAPPIANA, 



S. BERTHELOTI, S. HIERREDDA, S. ACULEATA, S. BLAIN- 



VILLII, S. ROSTRATA. 



f f f Apex very blunt and produced. S. TUBERCULATA, S. PAPIL- 



LATA, S. MAMILLATA, S. LEFEBREI. 



* * Shell oblong, produced behind. S. INERMIS, S. SINENSIS, S. 



ORNATA, S. MICROCHEIRUS. 



* * * Shell very narrow behind, and arched. 



f Apex simple. S. AUSTRALIA S. RUPELLARIA, S. CAPENSIS, 



S. ORBIGNYANA. 

 f f Apex dilated. S. ELEGANS, S. ELONGATA. 



Tlie above grouping may serve to approximately determine 

 the species of the Sepiostaires, but it does not correspond with 

 the external relationships of the animals, as shown by Dr. Gray's 

 synopsis, which is herein adopted. 



Sessile arms with small equal cups, all in four regular series. 



* Tentacles with five or six series of unequal-sized cups. 

 S. OFFICINALIS, Linn. 11. sr,, ligs. :{.u, IV.H ; pi. S7, fig. 389. 



Body ovate. deprced. smooth; head with two elongated, and 

 some smaller beards above ; arms short, strong, unequal, order 

 of length 1. '{. -, 1, ring of cups smooth, entire ; clubs of tenta- 

 cles much enlarged, with six alternating lines of cups, the live 

 central cup> much larger, rings ol' the larger cups smooth, of the 

 smaller ones toothed. l>lack purple, with darker cross bands, 

 forked, and with small white spots on the side. Shell oblong, 

 broadly lanceolate without the cartilaginous fringe, white except 

 on the back, which is faintly tinted with llesh color: back hard. 



