76 MANUAL OF GENERAL AGRICULTURE. 



b. VINEYARD ON RESISTANT ROOTS. 



American wild vines are characterized by marked 

 differences in degree of resistance to Phylloxera, a very 

 destructive insect. By selection a few wild types have 

 been secured that are almost immune to the attacks of this 

 insect. For a deep soil Rupestris St. George is used as the 

 stock; for dry soils or on hill sides Reparia x Rupestris 

 3309. The disease does not spread much in sandy soil so 

 that it is advisable to establish the vineyard on its own 

 roots in this case. 



A resistant vineyard may be established in either of 

 two ways: 1. By Field grafting ; or 2. By Bench graft- 

 ing. 



1. Field Grafting. This may be accomplished by 

 planting resistant cuttings directly in the vineyard and 

 field grafting, or grafting in the field the following win- 

 ter. Only a 50 to 80 per cent stand can be obtained by this 

 method, hence it is not in favor. 



2. Bench Grafting. Secure cuttings from resistant 

 vines such as Rupestris St. George or Reparia x Rupestris 

 3309 during the dormant period, or at the time of prun- 

 ing (January.) If necessary secure these cuttings from a 

 nurseryman. Likewise secure scions from the desired 

 varieties to be propagated. The scions may be any con- 

 venient length two or three feet. Select both cuttings 

 for stock and cuttings for scions from strong growing 

 healthy vines. They should be of the same size to be ac- 

 curately matched in grafting. Heel them in until some 

 convenient time in late winter or early spring (March), 

 then dig them up and graft. (The work is usually done 

 on a bench, hence the name "bench grafting.") The 

 scions should have one bud and should be long enough to 

 handle while grafting two or three inches. Do not tie 

 with raffia or use grafting wax. Keep the grafted stock in 

 bundles of convenient size in moist sand in a warm place, 

 or preferably in a warm room when a callus will form at 

 each joint. A month later they may be planted in the 

 nursery. The following spring transfer to the vineyard. 

 In planting any kind of rooted vines prune the roots to 



