MANUAL OF GENERAL AGRICULTURE. 81 



is sent up, the second year this forms side branches, which 

 terminate in fruit clusters. After the fruit matures the 

 cane dies. 



Pruning. How would you prune the raspberry? 



(Let the teacher arrange field exercises in winter and 

 prune as many different kinds of fruits as are available.) 



65. STRUCTURE AND NATURE OF FUNGI. 



Materials: Mouldy bread, (see exercise) dish, lens 

 and compound miscroscope. 



The piece of bread furnished has been moistened, a 

 bit of mouldy stable manure placed upon it, then placed 

 in the dish and kept covered for a week. 



1. Mycelium of the Fungus (pi. fungi.) Examine 

 with a lens, notice the white, mouldy growth the myce- 

 lium of the fungus. It corresponds to the roots, stems and 

 leaves of other plants. It takes its food from the bread. 



2. Sporangium. Notice that the dark color is due 

 to black specks attached to the mycelium threads by 

 means of a stalk. These are spore cases. Each one is 

 called a sporangium. Some are white. They are the 

 young unripe ones. The spores correspond to seed and 

 the sporangium corresponds to a pod. Mount some of the 

 fungus in a drop of water and examine with the low 

 power of a compound microscope. Make drawings of the 

 mycelium, sporangium and spores. 



66. STRUCTURE AND NATURE OF BACTERIA. 



Materials: Potato, needle, compound miscroscope. 

 (Let the teacher send to the State Hygenic Laboratory, 

 Berkeley, Cal., and ask for the loan of a box of bacterio- 

 logical specimens prepared especially for schools. There 

 will be no expense except for express both ways.) 



Bacteria are the smallest of all known plants. They 

 are to be found almost everywhere, on the earth, inside 

 and outside the bodies of living animals and plants, in 

 water, in milk, and on the dust particles of the air. Wher- 

 ever moisture and food are present, some species will grow 

 and multiply hindered only by extremes of temperature, 



