CHAP, vi DISEASES OF THE COW 115 



customers appeared soon after the milk of these same cows was 

 added to the milk delivered to Y., and that the absence of scarlatina 

 among Z.'s customers was correlated to the fact that no milk from 

 these cows was being added to the milk delivered to Z. 



As late as December 16, the milk was still capable of causing 

 scarlet fever, as shown by the fact that some given away to poor 

 people in Hendon caused a moderately severe outbreak there. 



Dr. Klein visited the farm on December 31, and studied the 

 conditions met with on the cows. 1 It was ascertained that one of 

 the three Derbyshire cows had been the first to suffer from a malady 

 associated with some kind of disease of the udders. From this it 

 spread to many of the other cows. The appearances noted were 

 ulcerations which apparently began as small vesicles and which were 

 covered with a brownish scab. The margins of the ulcers were 

 not raised nor was there any perceptible redness of the skin 

 around. The disease was usually confined to the teats, but in 

 some animals there was also on the lower part of the udder, here 

 and there, an ulcer. The animals were not constitutionally affected, 

 or if so, only very slightly. "As regards the feeding capacity of 

 affected animals, their milking power, and their body temperature, 

 nothing abnormal could be detected." When two of the animals 

 were killed and examined, except some congestion of the lungs 

 and pleural adhesions, very little was found. The kidneys of 

 two of the cows showed glomerulo-nephritis. 



Klein carried out certain pathological investigations. Scrapings 

 were made from some of the ulcers on the udder and teats at the 

 stage of their maximum development, and these were inoculated into 

 four calves, the inoculation in each case being into the skin of the 

 groin and the inside of the ear, beneath superficial incisions. In 

 all four cases ulcers with or without vesicles were produced on 

 the area of some of the incisions. The general health of the calves 

 does not appear to have been affected, while the local signs were 

 only at the site of injury, no eruption or ulceration upon teats or 

 udders being recorded. 



From the deeper parts of an ulcer upon one of the cows Klein 

 isolated a streptococcus. This grew slowly upon gelatine without 

 liquefaction, grew readily in broth, clotted milk, and microscopically 

 was a streptococcus of variable length. With this streptococcus he 

 inoculated two calves subcutaneously in the groin. One calf was 

 found dead 26 days later with a more or less septicaemic condition, 

 while the other calf was killed after 36 days. Klein traced a 

 similarity between the post-mortem condition of these calves and 

 the post-mortem appearances of the Hendon diseased cows. He 

 also found the condition of the kidneys to coincide with that met 

 with in acute scarlatinal nephritis in man. 



1 Report of Medical O^ffker, Local Government Board, 1885, p. 90. 



