MILK AND CHILD MORTALITY 161 



The summer results are of chief interest, and recorded as 

 percentages, give the following table : 



Summer Results Percentages . 



The above milks used were briefly the following : 



Condensed Milk. The sweetened variety. 



Store Milk. The poorest grade of milk sold in New York. 

 Bacterial content on average 3 to 20 millions per c.c. in 

 summer, and about 400,000 per c.c. in winter; usually, 

 however, heated in the homes before used for food. 



Bottled Milk. Fairly good. Milk averaged about 500,000 

 per c.c. 



Milk from Central Distributing Stations. Mostly from 

 the Straus Milk Depots. Supplied pasteurised. Before 

 pasteurisation averaged about 2 million, and after about 500 

 bacteria per c.c. Often modified for feeding, and supplied in 

 small bottles, each one containing the quantity for a single 

 feeding. 



It is not clear from the Keport, but apparently many of 

 the breast-fed infants also received other foods. 



As Park and Holt point out, there is a striking contrast 

 between the summer and winter results. They draw attention 

 to the large percentage of good results in the winter by all 

 methods of feeding and the, apparently, so little difference 

 between them. They believe that there are many factors to 

 explain the differences between their summer and winter 

 results, but that heat is the primary factor and bacteria and 

 their products a secondary one, except when the contamination 

 is extreme or pathogenic organisms are present. 



M 



