244 MILK AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH CH. xv 



supervised than rural, the inspector supervising often has higher 

 sanitary standards, while, in particular, insanitary and unsatis- 

 factory conditions reported to an urban authority are more 

 likely to receive sympathetic consideration, and do in fact receive 

 more attention, than in rural areas where the individuals 

 comprising the controlling authority are intimately interested 

 in the dairy and farming industry. 



The most important structural defects met with are those 

 of flooring, drainage, lighting, ventilation, and cubic space. 



Flooring defects are very common in cowsheds. Many rural 





FIG. 13. A country Cowshed occupied by four Cows ; in the occupation of a 

 Registered Purveyor. 



cowsheds have no properly constructed floor at all, the cow& 

 standing and lying upon ordinary earth, water -sodden and 

 manure-saturated, with or without the interposition of some 

 straw or other litter. Only less unsatisfactory is the floor 

 composed of cobble stones with ordinary earth acting as the 

 cement. Occasionally clay floors are met with. It is obviously 

 impossible with all such floors to have any proper system of 

 drainage, and usually there is no drainage at all, but some- 

 times they have a channel or grip dug out along their 

 length to serve for the conveyance of liquid excreta. The 

 more permanent floors are composed of bricks, stone slabs, or 

 cement concrete. As a rule, the bricks used are of the ordinary 



