274 MILK AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH CHAP. 



state : " No space shall be reckoned which is more than 1 6 feet 

 above the floor ; but if the roof or ceiling is inclined, then the 

 mean height of the same above the floor may be taken as the 

 height thereof for the purposes of this regulation." 800 cubic 

 feet will give about 50 square feet of floor-space per cow, and 

 this should be insisted upon. 



The lighting of cowsheds should be carefully considered. 

 It is impossible to have clean cows and clean milking in a 

 dark shed. The Model Eegulations are vague, and only specify 

 that every dairy " shall be sufficiently lighted with windows, 

 whether in the sides or roof thereof." " Sufficient " should be 

 taken to mean light enough to enable every part of the interior 

 to be easily visible in ordinary daylight and with the doors 

 shut. It is probably better to have a definite but reasonable 

 standard of amount, such as 3 square feet of light-space per 

 cow. The cowkeeper often asserts that cows are healthier 

 and give more milk when kept in dark sheds, but the writer 

 has never met with such a one who had made any comparative 

 investigations or who could substantiate that assertion in 

 any way. 



Efficient ventilation is essential to a satisfactory cowshed. 

 The Model Kegulations are vague, and require " every cow- 

 keeper shall cause every dairy in his occupation to be sufficiently 

 ventilated, and for this purpose to be provided with a sufficient 

 number of openings into the external air, to keep the air in 

 the dairy in a wholesome condition." 



With 800 cubic feet per cow it is quite feasible to 

 ventilate efficiently but without draught. The inlet openings 

 should be about 30 square inches per cow, and outlet open- 

 ings not less than this. These openings are to be exclusive 

 of the doors. Barwise has suggested the following ventilation 

 standard : " To provide for each cow 3 6 square inches of 

 permanent openings, to be provided, one half in the front 

 external wall, the other half in the wall above the head of 

 the cow, or in the ceiling at the opposite end of the shed to 

 the inlet opening." 



The ventilation provided should be such that the entering 

 air does not impinge directly upon the cows, but is directed 

 upwards. While this can be done in many ways, the writer 

 has a preference for windows falling inwards, with side checks, 



