xix SPECIAL PURE MILK METHODS 351 



random from the day's supply, for examination by experts for the 

 Commission. Any dealer shipping to more than one town or city 

 must supply a sample weekly from each town. 



The dealers are to furnish deep, covered boxes for the certified 

 milk. 



The required conditions are as follows : 



1. The Barnyard. The barnyard should be free from manure 

 and well drained, so that it may not harbour stagnant water. The 

 manure which collects each day should not be piled close to the 

 barn, but should be taken several hundred feet away. If these 

 rules are observed, not only will the barnyard be free from 

 objectionable smell, which is an injury to the milk, but the number 

 of flies in summer will be considerably diminished. These flies are 

 an element of danger, for they are fond of both filth and milk, 

 and are liable to get into the milk after having soiled their bodies 

 and legs in recently visited filth, thus carrying it to the milk. 

 Flies also irritate cows, and by making them nervous reduce the 

 amount of their milk. 



2. The Stable. In the stable the principles of cleanliness must 

 be strictly observed. The room in which the cows are milked 

 should have no storage loft above it where this is not feasible 

 the floor of the loft should be tight, to prevent the sifting of dust 

 into the stable beneath. The stables should be well ventilated, 

 lighted and drained, and should have tight floors, preferably of 

 cement, never of dirt. They should be whitewashed inside at 

 least twice a year, unless the walls are painted or of smooth cement 

 finish which can be washed frequently. 



The air should always be fresh and without bad odour. A 

 sufficient number of lanterns should be provided to enable the 

 necessary work to be properly done during the dark hours. The 

 manure should be removed twice daily, except when the cows are 

 outside in the fields the entire time between the morning and 

 afternoon milkings. The manure gutter must be kept in a sanitary 

 condition. All sweeping of dry floors must be completed before 

 grooming of cows is begun. All sweeping must be completed 

 before the last washing of udders is begun. 



There should be an adequate supply of water, warm and cold, 

 and the necessary wash-basins, soap, and towels. 



3. Water Supply. The whole premises used for dairy purposes, 

 as well as the barn, must have a supply of water absolutely free 

 from any danger of pollution with animal matter and sufficiently 

 abundant for all purposes, and easy of access. 



4. The Cows. No cows will be allowed in the herd furnishing 

 certified milk except those which have successfully passed a 

 tuberculin test. All must be tested at least once a year by a 

 veterinarian approved by the Milk Commission. All tuberculin 



