xix SPECIAL PURE MILK METHODS 355 



1 1 . Examination of the Milk and Dairy Inspection. In order 

 that the dealer and the Commission may be kept informed of the 

 character of the milk, specimens taken at random will be examined 

 weekly by experts for the Commission at the Laboratory of the 

 Department of Health, the use of the laboratories having been 

 given for that purpose. 



The Commission reserves to itself the right to make inspections 

 of certified farms at any time and to take specimens of the milk 

 for examination, and to impose fines for repeated or deliberate 

 violations of the requirements of the Commission. 



The Commission also reserves the right to change its standards 

 in any reasonable manner upon due notice being given to the 

 dealers. 



Although the use of certified milk has extended, such nailk 

 constitutes only a minute fraction of the total supply, even in 

 any city in which it is obtainable. It cannot be anticipated 

 that milk produced under such rigid control will ever con- 

 stitute any considerable part of the general milk supply, since 

 it must of necessity be sold at a high price and the poor 

 cannot possibly afford to pay for it. It furnishes a pure 

 milk for those who can afford it, while it is very valuable for 

 special cases, hospitals, and similar institutions. As educa- 

 tional agencies Medical Milk Commissions have been and are 

 of the greatest value. They show that pure milk can be 

 obtained as a commercial article, and, in particular, by showing 

 what milk ought to be, their existence is a valuable stimulus 

 to the production of a purer general supply. 



III. ENGLISH MILK DEPOTS 



Milk depots for the supply of pure or purified milk are 

 of comparatively recent origin. The first two institutions of 

 this character appear to have been both established in 1889, 

 one in the St. Gertrude district of Hamburg, and the other 

 by Koplik at the Good Samaritan Hospital, New York. The 

 next to be started was in 1892 by Dr. Variot in connection 

 with the Belleville Dispensary in Paris. The first British 

 Infant Milk Depot was established by the St. Helens Cor- 

 poration in 1899. Since that date a small number of 

 additional depots have been started iin Great Britain. The 

 first depot in London was at Battersea in 1902 under the 

 charge of Dr. McCleary. The movement was given a con- 



