368 MILK AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH CHAP. 



enforced are considerably less than those which on paper are 

 operative. 



It cannot, however, be doubted that the permit principle, 

 with revocation of licence if unsatisfactory, is a powerful lever 

 for bettering the present-day milk conditions. An annual 

 charge should be made for the licences, and this and other fees 

 would be available to balance or at least diminish the cost 

 of milk-inspection and bacteriological examination. 



The most extreme example of municipal control over the 

 milk supply with which the writer is acquainted is in con- 

 nection with the city of Wellington, New Zealand, a city with 

 a population of 76,390. The powers available are contained 

 in the Wellington City Milk-supply Act of 1910. This Act 

 is the outcome of a valuable report in 1909 by Dr. Frengley, 

 the city District Health Officer, and to whom the writer is 

 indebted for copies of the Eeport and Act. At the time of 

 writing, the powers given in the Act were about to be 

 exercised. The Act gives, among other things, the following 

 powers : 



1. Power to the City Council to establish within or adjacent to 

 the city a milk-station for testing, treating, and distributing the 

 milk supply of the city. 



2. To buy and sell milk, and to sell cream, and to manufacture 

 and sell butter and other milk products, and ice. 



3. Generally to carry on the business of a dealer in milk and 

 butter. 



4. Subject to the provisions of this Act relating to milk brought 

 into the city by road, it shall not be lawful, so long as such milk- 

 station is available for testing milk, to receive for storage or for 

 sale, sell, offer, or expose for sale in the city, milk which has not 

 been tested and passed at such milk-station. 



Notwithstanding anything hereinbefore contained, milk may, 

 while a milk-station is available as aforesaid, be brought into the 

 city by road and there sold subject to the following conditions : 

 (a) That such milk is delivered to the consumer within four 

 hours from the termination of the time of milking : 



Provided that during the period in any year com- 

 mencing on the fifteenth day of March and ending on the 

 thirtieth day of November, where sufficient and suitable 

 means of storage are available on the milking-premises, the 

 milk collected at the evening milking may be delivered to 

 the consumer within four hours from the time of being 

 removed from such storage, being in no case later than 



