xxi PROCEDURES TO OBTAIN PURE MILK 403 



the mixed milk of all his cows, and probably no one is in a 

 position to say exactly which cows' milk it does represent. The 

 inspector can only take precautions to ensure that what he 

 collects as his second sample is the mixed milk of all the 

 cows, as the nearest thing comparable. Food and drug in- 

 spectors are not used to taking representative mixed milk 

 samples, and it is very necessary to give them precise direc- 

 tions how to collect them. 



The writer has used the " appeal to the cow " test in a 

 considerable number of cases in connection with his work as 

 a Public Analyst. In no instance has he found the mixed 

 milk on second sampling below standard, although in one 

 case the percentage of fat was only 3*1. He invariably 

 arranged for the second sample to be taken within three or 

 four days of the first, and personally gave the directions as 

 to sampling. 



The above considerations lead the writer to the view that, 

 if there is to be any alteration of the chemical milk standards, 

 it should be rather in the direction of raising than lowering. 

 The present low standard means a handicap to the high-class 

 milk producer, considerable diminution of the nutritive quali- 

 ties of the rnilk as supplied to the consumer, with prejudicial 

 effect to the infant poor, and a heavy illicit profit to the ever- 

 present " milk toner." 



There is one alteration of procedure which should be 

 carried out whether standards are altered or not. In all cases 

 in which analysis has shown that the sample is below standard 

 the person from whom the milk has been obtained should be, 

 with as little delay as practicable, notified of the fact (without 

 prejudice), and before any question of prosecution has been 

 entertained. This would enable the milk purveyor to arrange 

 for the mixed milk of the cows at the farm supplying the in- 

 criminated sample to be sampled. The local authority should 

 afford facilities for this to be done with their supervision, and 

 should give the services of their inspector for collecting the 

 sample, but the actual cost of the analysis should be met by 

 the milk purveyor, since it is for his protection. If the 

 mixed milk is below the standard the local authority might 

 remit this cost at their discretion. 



If the purveyor of the deficient quality milk fails to avail 



