12 FAULTS OF TERMINOLOGY. 



brutal ' in its bad sense. In the sense in which it is simply 

 equivalent to ' animal ' its use is quite legitimate, as when 

 psycho-pathologists talk of 'bestial' insanity in man. A 

 man who is found in the gutter hopelessly drunk is said 

 to have ' made a least of himself ; ' and the coarse, rude, 

 vulgar man is frequently said to ' behave like a beast.' Un- 

 fortunately there is a converse. Intoxication is one of the 

 vices common to other animals with man one of those, 

 moreover, that they adopt by imitation from man. When, 

 therefore, an unfortunate monkey, dog, or horse, ant or 

 medusa, is inebriated, if the term * behaving like a beast ' as 

 one of opprobrium is applicable at all, it is so to the man 

 who is the cause, direct or indirect, of the animal's intoxi- 

 cation. Illustrations will be found in the chapter on alcoholic 

 and other forms of ' intoxication ' in animals. 



3. Animal, in so far as it is used distinctively im- 

 plying a distinction, structural or psychical between man 

 and other animals; for man himself is but an ' animal,' and 

 frequently very far from being either morally or intellectually 

 the highest. The word ' animal ' is both faulty and objec- 

 tionable when applied as it so commonly is by phrenolo- 

 gists to feelings or faculties, organs, constitution, or 

 nature in man in contrast with those other mental qualities 

 which are described as moral and intellectual. Thus it is 

 used as synonymous with sensual, sexual, unintellectual, 

 when we speak of an animalised' man, or of a man as ' a 

 mere animal,' or apply the term ' animality ' to man's 

 lower propensities in contradistinction to his 'humanity,' 

 his moral and intellectual nature ; but in all the senses in 

 which it is so variously used it is at least quite as applicable 

 to man as to other animals. 



4. It is both an insult to the animals in question and 

 an error in comparison to speak of conjugal or domestic 

 jars as significant of a ' cat and dog life ; ' the fact being 

 that cats and dogs frequently live as do also many other 

 animals, even of different genera and species in the ut- 

 most harmony. If this harmony be not the result of natural 

 conditions if the animals in question do not contract natural 

 companionship and interchange a natural affection and 



