OF THE CHILD. 39 



not only of the religious and moral feelings, but of reflection 

 and thought, and to the regulation of the emotions and 

 passions. 



9. The general education or training of the child is on 

 the same principles as that of the pup or other young animal 

 (Carpenter). 



10. The predominance of emotion or emotionalness. 



11. What has been called the instinct of cruelty is cha- 

 racteristic of the child, and too frequently not only of the 

 youth also, but of the adult, even in the most highly 

 civilised races, as has been pointed out by John Stuart Mill 

 and other writers. The natural or innate cruelty of the 

 child, and the obvious pleasure it takes therein, are quite 

 comparable, for instance, to the delight shown by monkeys 

 in torturing their prey. 



12. Amongst other characteristic vices of childhood are 

 selfishness and self-indulgence, sulkiness or pettedness, com- 

 bativeness and destructiveness ; and it is only in the course 

 of time that the child becomes enabled to neutralise or 

 overcome such vices by the development of counteracting 

 virtues, if indeed he is so fortunate as to possess the requisite 

 measures* of self-control, moral sense, and judgment. 



13. The sports, tricks, and mischievousness of the child 

 so closely resemble those of the young of certain of the 

 lower animals, such as the kitten or monkey, that we 

 habitually speak of our children being ' playful as kittens ' 

 or ' mischievous as monkeys.' 



14. Fearlessness of deadly danger, of poisonous animals 

 or fruits, of risks of all kinds to life and limbs, arises from 

 ignorance and inexperience. In regard to incapacity of form- 

 ing a judgment on matters that intimately concern its own 

 personal safety, or of providing therefor, the child is ob- 

 viously, as it is in certain other respects, inferior to lower 

 animals. 



15. Imitation operates as powerfully in the child as in 

 other young animals. 



16. Curiosity or inquisitiveness is as marked, and as apt 

 to lead into danger, as in the case of so many animals, adult 

 as well as young. 



17.- The mental potentialities of the child or infant can no 



