60 EVOLUTION OF MIND 



assistance from each other ; they co-operate efficiently for a 

 common end, and they show marvellous ingenuity in com- 

 passing that end (Gleditsch). There is great readiness in 

 the seizure of opportunity for instance, to escape an enemy 

 or a danger (Figuier). The Carabidce, in attack, use force, or 

 they entrap by ambuscades or pitfalls, as circumstances may 

 require (Baird). The tiger beetle is so called from its ferocity 

 of disposition, especially in war. Its pugnacity and perti- 

 nacity are notorious (Westwood). Not a few beetles show 

 the fortitude of the Red Indian in allowing themselves to be 

 roasted alive without flinching. Beetles, moreover, mani- 

 fest mutual affection (Darwin). 



In the order Hemiptera, Aphides become domesticated, 

 and happy in their state of domestication, as servants or slaves 

 to ants. They occupy the position to ants that milk cows 

 do to man, yielding, at the desire of their masters, the 

 coveted honey-dew a saccharine fluid of which the ants 

 are very fond (Meldola, Figuier, Kirby and Spence). They 

 understand the mimic language of the ants when honey dew 

 is wantedr-the peculiar strokes or touches of their antennae, 

 which are used, perhaps, both to signify their wishes 

 and to stimulate the secretion. The ants caress their ser- 

 vants, coaxing them to the desired secretion. The herds of 

 Aphides are f milked ' regularly by their proprietors ; the 

 honey dew is drawn off very much as milk is. And so much 

 are this honey dew and its producers valued by the ants, 

 that the possession of honey-giving Aphides becomes a sub- 

 ject of questions of property, and thereby of ant wars (Hou- 

 zeau), which wars are undertakings of a very systematic kind 

 and on a large scale. The female water-bug exerts choice in 

 mating. She can and she does entertain and express her 

 aversion to particular males (White). 



Among the Orthoptera, the male cricket expresses, by 

 means of sounds, pugnacity, rivalry, satisfaction, and alert- 

 ness ; and it foretells rain in the same way (White). Baird 

 refers to its timidity or readiness to take alarm, and Figuier 

 also represents it as easily scared by certain sounds. On 

 the other hand, it is fascinated or charmed by vocal har- 

 mony, is attracted by man's imitation of its cry, and sings 



