IN THE INVERTEBKATA. 61 



in concert with man (Figuier). The common earwig ' gathers 

 her young ones around her and under her in the most 

 affectionate manner/ as a hen does. It shows great anxiety 

 or solicitude concerning its eggs, brooding over them ; and 

 the young seek protection under their mother, just as 

 chickens do (Baird). 



Of the Lepidoptera, butterflies have been tamed and 

 taught to come at man's call (Wood) ; there is a decided 

 observation of colours, as there is among bees also, with an 

 admiration of or preference for bright ones (Darwin) ; while 

 caterpillars exhibit adaptation of means to an end search 

 for suitable positions for safety, repose, or development, and 

 make ladders on glass (Buckton). 



Among the general mental characteristics of the Insecta 

 as a class are the following: 



1. Great variations of temper and disposition. 



2. Likes and dislikes. 



3. The passions, feelings, or emotions of fear, anger, or 

 rage, love, sorrow, impatience, pleasure, and pain. 



4. Appreciation of beauty in form, colour, and sound, 

 including musical tones and call notes. 



5. Ingenuity or fertility of resource in difficulty, in- 

 cluding the use of tactics and stratagems in procuring food. 



6. Acquisition and application of knowledge gained from 

 experience. 



7. Reception and communication of information, in- 

 cluding the exchange of ideas. 



8. Formation of associations for specific objects mutual 

 assistance, society, or emigration. 



9. Obedience to orders. 



10. Making deviations from routine in constructive or 

 other operations. 



In the highest subkingdoin of the Invertebrata, the Mol- 

 lusca are the most interesting class, containing, as it does, 

 the now well-known octopus a huge cuttle-fish, better 

 known as the poulpe of the French and the Jcrake of the 

 Norwegians. According to Lloyd, of aquarium celebrity, 

 this animal displays purpose amounting to forethought. It 

 manifests excitement, irritation, and restlessness in confine- 



