78 EVOLUTION OF MIND 



possess, they do not all stand on equal footing, in so far as 

 some animal genera, species, races, or individuals have been 

 made the subject of man's training for ages, while others are 

 known to us only in their wild or natural state. In par- 

 ticular the anthropoid apes, and the Quadrumana in general, 

 are placed at this disadvantage that their training, where 

 training has been at all attempted, has been on a very 

 limited scale, utterly insufficient to enable us to judge of the 

 extent to which their intellectual and moral powers may be 

 cultivated. There can be little doubt, I think, that when 

 man bestows a careful training on certain of the Quadru- 

 mana, especially on those most closely resembling himself 

 in size, structure, and habits an education similar to that 

 which he now gives to sporting dogs, race-horses, working 

 elephants, and song birds the mental and moral aptitudes 

 of these apes and monkeys will be developed to an extent of 

 which at present we have scarcely an idea ; and when they 

 have had the benefits of systematic and judicious education 

 for ages as the dog has had apes and monkeys, in the 

 persons of their higher representatives, may be expected to 

 take the rank now so commonly conceded to the dog of 

 standing next to man in moral and intellectual power, as 

 well as in aspect and structure. 



With Houzeau, I regard the power of talking the gift 

 of articulate speech as a possibility in the Quadrumana 

 one of the possible results of man's systematic efforts in 

 their education. And the possession of such a power can 

 scarcely be overrated in regard to the development of morals 

 and intelligence. How far the two are correlated is seen in 

 the parrot, on the one hand, and in the deaf-mute man on 

 the other. 



On the other hand, many animals are at a disadvantage 

 quoad their physical organisation, in so far as it, being 

 very different from that of man, and physical organisation 

 being correlated with mental development or the degree of 

 intelligence, the latter must necessarily differ from that of 

 man. But the difference is less than might a priori be 

 expected, in illustration whereof we have merely to consider 

 the intelligence, on the one hand, as contrasted with the 

 bodily organisation on the other, of the ant. 



