AND OTHER ANIMALS. 117 



That these differences exist is incontestable. It is a 

 simple fact of natural history, and was to be looked for 

 a priori. The mode of exhibition of the mental and moral 

 faculties necessarily varies with the structure and habits of 

 the individual, species, genus, and tribe, as does also their 

 degree of development ; but not always to the extent that 

 might have been expected, sometimes rather to an extent 

 that proves very unexpected. Thus, contrasting man as a 

 whole with other animals as a whole, or the highest types 

 of man with the highest types of animals, it may be said 

 that the differences, both in the degree of development and 

 in the mode of manifestation of their mental and moral 

 powers, are very apparent and in favour of man. But if the 

 contrast be made between the lowest races of man whether 

 civilised or savage and the highest forms of animal intel- 

 ligence the best fruits of animal education it certainly 

 cannot be said that the comparison is in man's favour. This 

 subject is, however, more fully and further discussed in the 

 succeeding chapter. 



