CHAPTER IX. 



EDUCATION OP ANIMALS BY MAW. 



THE education of other animals by man is either 



1. Direct and intentional, for some specific purpose of his 

 own, in which case it is usually thorough and systematic ; or 



2. Indirect and unintentional, the result simply of asso- 

 ciation with him, of the influence of his habitual example 

 and behaviour. 



Direct and deliberate training by man may be for good or 

 for bad purposes, or for those which can scarcely be designated 

 either the one or the other. Its object is, usually at least, 

 his own selfish ends, either of profit or pleasure, or both. 

 This may be best seen in a consideration of some of the chief 

 results of man's training, which include the following : 



1. The feats or tricks of performing or learned animals, 

 among which are dogs, horses, cats, elephants, canaries, 

 parrots, and even fleas : e.g. 



a. The articulation of words and phrases the use 

 of speech by the parrot and certain other birds, 

 including the acquisition of human language 

 and the knowledge of more than one of man's 

 languages. 



6. A certain kind of orthography or spelling, con- 

 sisting of the arrangement in words of the 

 letters of man's alphabet, including the correc- 

 tion of errors. 



c. A sort of writing, involving the skilled use of the 



paws. 



d. Feats of jugglery. 



e. Gambling, or playing tricks with cards. 



