EDUCATION OF ANIMALS BY MAN. 261 



blages of people in London and other large cities) ; substi- 

 tuted tractability for obstinacy in such an unpromising 

 animal as the pig; caused different individuals, genera, or 

 species to act in concert (for instance, in part-singing or 

 operas) ; made them useful in going messages or fetching and 

 carrying according to orders. 



Among the feats he taught the very varied accomplish- 

 ments his pupils acquired were writing, arithmetic, spelling 

 names, telling hours on the clock, playing tunes on the dul- 

 cimer, turning the barrel organ or beating the drum, 

 dancing, riding and tumbling on horses' backs, tumbling and 

 dancing on the tight rope, the use of the paw in drinking 

 healths or holding candles. 



On the other hand, among the tricks exhibited by learned 

 or performing elephants alone : are 



1. Emptying soda-water bottles. 



2. Folding their own saddle-cloths (Watson). 



3. Public, military, or other salutes (Pierquin). 



4. Speaking or talking of some kind. 



5. Piping or whistling, or other forms of music, vocal or 

 instrumental. 



6. Gymnastics. 



7. Theatrical or dramatic representations. 



8. Mechanical or engineering skill. 



9. Bell- ringing. 



10. Organ-playing. 



11. Obeying man's word of command or order. 



12. Rope-dancing. 



13. Dining at man's table and behaving with decorum, 

 though necessarily after a clumsy fashion in contrast with 

 that exhibited by certain anthropoid apes. 



The orang can be trained to sit at table and conduct itself 

 with all due decorum or propriety; to become a servant, 

 waiting at table and performing other domestic services 

 (Watson, Cassell) all in a notably human fashion. The 

 chimpanzee shows in various ways a similar humanlike or civi- 

 lised behaviour. For instance, he sometimes takes his food 

 like a man, making use both of man's foods and beverages, as 

 man uses them. He helps himself to wine ; drinks hot tea, 



