268 EDUCATION OF ANIMALS BY MAN. 



among the Turks (Low). The proverbial sagacity of the 

 Arabian steed, its humanlike qualities of head and heart, 

 arise from its intimate association with and education by 

 man (Farley) ; and the same may be said in a minor degree 

 of the Irish pig. 



Woman's companionship exercises frequently quite as 

 marked an influence as man's, both for good and evil, but 

 unfortunately rather for evil than good. The constant asso- 

 ciation of pet animals e.g. lap-dogs with ladies in their 

 boudoirs and drawing-rooms no doubt begets in some cases 

 a certain politeness, manners that may be called refined or 

 aristocratic; but these manners are apt to include an ob- 

 jectionable hauteur or superciliousness, while there can be 

 no question as to the common development of selfishness and 

 jealousy. In woman's case, however, such results may be 

 due less to imitation of a mistress's character than to her 

 injudicious petting and pampering. 



Among the advantages of association with man is the 

 development of powers that would or might otherwise re- 

 main latent (Houzeau). An animal's whole moral nature 

 may not only be improved, but almost created. The quality 

 of the general intelligence may be so much improved also as 

 to appear different in kind from and inferior to the special 

 skill to be found in other individuals of the same species. 

 This is well brought out in the comparison instituted by 

 Hogg, the Ettrick shepherd, between the home-bred collie 

 the dog that is left at home as a protector and a com- 

 panion for the shepherd's wife, children, and homestead 

 and its brother that is taken or sent daily to the hills, that 

 is specially trained to manage sheep. He tells us that the 

 home-bred animals ' are far more acute at taking up what is 

 said in a family ' that is, they understand more readily and 

 fully the import of man's conversation. But the evils or 

 defects that sometimes at least attend or characterise special 

 training are of a more practical and serious kind. 



Thus Hogg says of one of his collies, specially trained 

 to accompany him to the hills and to manage sheep, 'if 

 coming hungry from the hills and getting into a milk-house, 

 [he] would most likely think of nothing else than filling his 



