NON-VOCAL LANGUAGE. 309 



a. Touching or tapping 



1. With paws. 

 E.g. in the cat. 



2. With antennae or pincers. 



E.g. in ants, common and white. 

 &. Embrace, caress, fondling, hugging. 



E.g. in the siamang, orang, lori, certain 

 apes, dog, and elephant. 



c. Striking blows, beating, pushing, jogging. 



E.g. in the horse, orang, capybara. 



d. Scratching. 



E.g. in the cat and dog. 



e. Kicking and pawing. 



E.g. in the horse and ass. 

 /. Band-wringing, squeezing, or shaking. 



E.g. in the lori, certain monkeys, and 



anthropoid apes. , 



8. Head and its appendages, including horns. 

 a. Butting and goring. 



E.g. in cattle, deer, sheep, goats, capy- 



bara. 

 &. Head- shaking, tossing, rubbing. 



E.g. in certain apes, bull, horse, dog, 

 and cat. 



4. Nose and nostrils. 



a. Sniffing. 



E.g. in the dog, horse, and various other 

 Ruminants. 



b. Nose-rubbing. 



E.g. in the horse. 



5. Ear movements, including erection, depression, 



and retraction. 



E.g. in the dog and horse. 



6. Wing movements, including expansion, napping, 



and fluttering. 



E.g. in birds. 



7. Tail movements, including erection, expansion, 



vibration (wagging and lashing). 



E.g. in the wolf, goat, ram, stag, lion, 



