312 NON-VOCAL LANGUAGE. 



physiognomy of the dog and certain of the Quadrumana in 

 many respects resembles that of man. The beggar's dog 

 returns thanks partly at least by its look (Murray). It has 

 looks of enquiry as to the meaning of unfamiliar ceremonies 

 or events, as to the nature or character of unknown things 

 or persons. It throws pathos or plaintiveness into its look 

 as much as into its howl. It has an abashed or apologetic 

 look when, knowing it to be a fault, it soils a drawing-room 

 carpet with its muddy feet (Houzeau). Its look as well as 

 the movements of the head or tail, or body as a whole, in- 

 cluding its gait convey the expression of pride or exultation 

 at success, business importance, and many other feelings or 

 mental states (Watson). Its look of friendly recognition is 

 frequently equivalent to man's bow or nod to fellow-man. 

 Houzeau speaks of its look of interrogation in difficulty and 

 of the expressiveness of its mere glance. Dogs 



Woo kind words by look, 



says Southey. 



Darwin refers to sporting dogs looking or waiting for 

 further instructions from their masters when in doubt. A 

 dog's look of shame when caught in a fault is notorious 

 (' Animal World'). The eloquence both of its look and mien 

 has been pointed out by Grenville Murray, who also de- 

 scribes its wistful, sad, or sorrowful looks and longings 

 its looks of gentleness, timidity, gratitude, eagerness of 

 desire to please, or happiness. 



The physiognomy of the lower animals facial and 

 general has successfully engaged the talents of many gifted 

 artists, such as the -late Sir Edwin Landseer, and the living 

 Rosa Bonheur, Joseph Wolf, and Harrison Weir ; and it is 

 one of the best possible proofs, on the one hand, of the reality 

 of the close connection between mental states and facial or 

 other forms of expression in other animals as in man, and, 

 on the other, of the fidelity to nature of the painter's art, 

 that he can depict on canvas the mental character of such 

 animals as the dog, horse, ass, or monkey, which may some- 

 times be said in a sense to 'speak' from the painter's canvas. 

 The attention of artists, however, has been attracted to what 



