CHAPTER XIX. 



UNDERSTANDING OP HUMAN LANGUAGE. 



As known to the lower animals, the language of man does 

 not consist of mere 



1. Words, whether singly, or in combination, as 



2. Sentences or phrases in conversation ; but it includes 

 his 



3. Looks facial expression, countenance-changes, the 

 character of his eye. 



4. Actions or movements, with gesture and gesticulations, 

 attitude, manner, habits and observances, costume and its 

 changes. 



5. Natural voice-sounds, and their varied tones or into- 

 nations. 



6. Artificial musical or other sounds, such as those 

 made upon or by the bell, gong, horn, whistle, pipe, bagpipe, 

 lute, drum, or bugle. 



By dint of observation and reflection, certain dogs 

 notably the shepherds' dogs (or collies) of Scotland that 

 live in intimate association with their masters, that are 

 man's fireside friends or companions, as well as his col- 

 leagues in work perhaps even his accomplices in crime 

 teach themselves, or are taught by him, to understand and 

 appreciate the meaning or significance of man's various modes 

 of expression. They understand, for instance, his 



1. Conversation comments or remarks at least when 

 they themselves are spoken of. 



2. Proper names of persons, places, and things, including 

 particularly their own names, the names of members of 

 human households, and of household goods. 



3. Calls by voice or by various musical instruments. 



