358 GENEEAL ADAPTIVENESS. 



4. SHU, dexterity, adroitness, expertness, address in em- 

 ploying or adapting means. 



5. Profiting by experience ; the acquisition of knowledge 

 much of it experimental as has been pointed out in another 

 chapter. 



6. Shaping a definite course or plan of action. 



7. Seizure of opportunity, including vigilance and pa- 

 tience, watching and waiting for it, with discrimination in 

 judging of its suitability. 



8. Use of strategy, involving cunning and artifice, or de- 

 ception. 



9. Actuation by motive. 



10. Caution and discretion. 



11. Balancing of probabilities, implying thought or re- 

 flection, and frequently hesitancy or doubt. 



12. Decision and courage, including promptitude in ac- 

 tion. 



13. Self-possession and self-control. 



14. Association of ideas. 



15. Knowledge of the relation of cause and effect, in- 

 cluding an appreciation of consequences. 



16. Knowledge and use of advantage, natural or artificial, 

 fair or unfair. 



17. Providence, prudence, foresight including certain 

 kinds of forecasting future events or conditions. 



18. Perception or feeling of necessity. 



The adaptation of means to an end; the variation of these 

 means with the nature of the end, or with the difficulty of 

 attaining it; and the manifold mental qualities that are 

 called into operation by such adaptation and variation, are 

 all illustrated by the following common phenomena of animal 

 life or habit : 



1. The capture and use of slaves or servants, or other 

 forms of subjection of the weak to the use of the strong. 



2. The wars of certain animals whatever be their object 

 including the arrangements both for defence and attack. 



3. The overcoming of obstacles or difficulties, whatever 

 be their nature. 



4. The arrangements made for cleanliness, safety, and 



