362 GENEEAL ADAPTIVENESS. 



2. The construction and defence of fortresses, fortifica- 

 tions, camps and barricades. 



8. The employment of tactics and manoeuvres, including 

 various forms of strategy or stratagem. 



4. The use of surprise. 



5. The posting and vigilance of sentinels. 



6. The securing and proper use of vantage ground and 

 conditions. 



7. The adoption of definite plans of action. 



8. The use of telegraphy by signals, or other means of 

 conveying intelligence or expressing wants. 



9. Taking precautions against surprise, and for retreat 

 or failure. 



10. Artificial intimidation. 



11. The perception and taking advantage of weak points 

 or posts in an enemy's body, mode of attack or position. 



12. Public recognition of victory and defeat. 



Black ants in the Mauritius send messengers with intelli- 

 gence, call up an army, procure reinforcements when and if 

 required, both army and reinforcements assembling at some 

 fixed rendezvous (Baker). In the case of these and other 

 ants, assistance is sent when asked for and where it is 

 wanted; there is obvious judgment as to both time and cir- 

 cumstance (Figuier). They concentrate or divide their forces 

 as occasion requires (Nichols). Their tactics or manoeuvres 

 include the regulation and change of route in their marches 

 (Kirby and Spence) ; the use of pitfalls, ambuscades, or other 

 means of entrapping an enemy ; the falling upon him when 

 off guard and unprepared in other words, taking him by 

 surprise ; the employment of feints, ruses, lures, or snares, 

 or of many of the forms of deception and cunning held 

 necessary or permissible in human warfare. 



On the return of ants from a military or marauding expe- 

 dition, their slaves, who have remaine'd at home, at once 

 recognise the signs of success or non-success, and act 

 accordingly. If their masters come back as conquerors, 

 they are received with flattery, compliment, and attentions; 

 the victors are relieved of their prisoners, offered food, and 

 otherwise respectfully waited on. But in the opposite 



