ORGANISATIONS. 391 



each of the confederates is frequently at once obvious and 

 successful. Thus Wood tells us of a dog and raven literally 

 banting in couples, the bird acting as driver of the game a 

 hare out of the heather into the open, the dog then pursuing. 

 A rat, in order to convey a potato to the general store or 

 nest, * stretched himself on his back on the floor, placed the 

 potato on his chest, and kept it firmly there with his paws. 

 Whereupon his companion placed his tail in the former's 

 mouth and dragged him along to a hole that was in the 

 floor. There they let down the potato and followed after it 

 themselves ' (Stewart). Nor is this an uncommon instance 

 of one animal playing the part of a cart or wheelbarrow, 

 while another enacts the horse. In the Alpine marmot, for 

 instance, we are told that while certain individuals act as 

 reapers, collectors, and porters, others make themselves 

 useful as waggons and horses (' Percy Anecdotes '). 



We know that various baboons and other apes, spider 

 and other monkeys, make chains, suspension bridges, and 

 ladders, of their own bodies, by joining hands or clinging 

 to each other by various concatenations of paws and tails 

 (Ulloa, Cassell) bridges that are used in crossing rivers. 

 And, though not quite in the same way, what is virtually 

 the same thing is done by bees (Eendu) and ants, so that 

 on bridges composed of the bodies of the latter voluntarily 

 sacrificed for the purpose whole armies of their fellows 

 sometimes cross rivers or streams. 



A certain dog and cat were confederates in a larder theft. 

 The cat by its mewing called the dog when circumstances 

 were favourable the coast clear for their depredations. On 

 one occasion the dog was followed, and the cat was found, 

 who, mounted on a shelf, and keeping with one foot the 

 cover of a dish partly open, was throwing down to him with 

 the disengaged paw ' some enjoyable good things ('Animal 

 World'). 



Prairie wolves, which, like many other animals, hunt 

 their prey in pairs, in attacking the bison make the following 

 arrangement : One makes a feint at the bison's head while 

 the other hamstrings him. And inasmuch as the post of 

 honour, as of danger, is the rear assault, it is entrusted to 

 the most experienced, bravest animal (Gillmore). 



