LAW AND PUNISHMENT. 403 



5. Various forms of ill-temper. 



6. Want of filial deference. 



7. Mischievousness. 



8. All kinds of annoyance. 



9. All faults of omission or commission. 

 II. In adults 



10. Errors of all kinds. 



11. Conjugal or other erotic offences. 



12. Kivalry. 



13. Cowardice or faintheartedness. 



14. Transgressions of laws of all kinds, including 



all forms of crime. 



15. Idleness or laziness including the shirking of 



work or duty. 



16. Malingering. 



1 7. All invasion of rights or privileges. 



18. Straggling or wandering. 



19. All rebellion against constituted authority. 



20. All forms of troublesomeness. 



Punishment of the young especially has frequently an 

 educational and salutary object or character, its aim being 

 the correction of bad habits of all kinds, and of the errors 

 naturally incident to inexperience, ignorance, thoughtless- 

 ness, and exuberance of feeling. 



The modes, means, or forms of punishment adopted are 

 as various as the causes or reasons for punishment. Thus 

 they include 



1. Capital punishments of various kinds the summary 

 destruction of life by 



a. Pecking to death by birds. 



b. Buffeting also by birds. 



c. Worrying by dogs. 



d. Precipitation. 



e. Drowning. 

 /. Stinging. 



2. Banishment or outlawry, as in 'rogue' elephants; 

 deposition, or other forms of disgrace. 



3. Corporal chastisement, by 



a. Blows or cuffs. 



